10 Best Architectural Buildings in Columbus, Ohio: A Guide to Iconic Structures

Columbus, Ohio, is a city rich in architectural diversity and history.

From classic representations of mid-century modernism to vibrant contemporary designs, the city’s buildings reflect a wide range of styles and influences.

For those interested in architecture, Columbus offers an array of significant structures worth exploring.

Discover the city’s architectural gems, each telling its own story through design and style.

Whether you are an architecture enthusiast or simply curious about the city’s landmarks, this guide will help you appreciate the unique buildings that make Columbus a fascinating destination.

1. LeVeque Tower

LeVeque Tower is one of the most recognizable buildings in Columbus, Ohio. Standing at 555 feet 5 inches tall, it was the tallest building in the city from its completion in 1927 until 1974.

This Art Deco skyscraper was designed by C. Howard Crane. It features 47 stories and was originally known as the American Insurance Union Citadel.

The building’s design was altered to be a foot taller than the Washington Monument, a fact often highlighted in advertising campaigns during its construction. Today, it remains an important part of Columbus’s skyline and architectural history.

2. Ohio Statehouse

The Ohio Statehouse in Columbus is a striking example of Greek Revival architecture. Construction began in 1839 and took 22 years to complete. It is built from Columbus limestone, sourced from a nearby quarry.

The building houses the Ohio General Assembly. Located on Capitol Square, it features the ceremonial offices of the governor and other state officials.

The Ohio Statehouse stands out against Columbus’ skyline, showcasing its historical significance and architectural beauty, detailed further in the Ohio Magazine.

3. Smith Bros’ Hardware Building

The Smith Bros’ Hardware Building stands out in Columbus as a significant piece of the city’s industrial past.

While Columbus isn’t as industrial as other Ohio cities, this building symbolizes the era when local industry was thriving.

Today, the building has been repurposed and houses the North 4th Corridor, a popular urban-industrial event venue.

Located in downtown Columbus, it continues to be a notable landmark. Visit more about the Smith Bros’ Hardware Building.

4. Thurber House

Thurber House is located at 77 Jefferson Avenue in Columbus, Ohio. It was the home of James Thurber, a well-known author, humorist, and New Yorker cartoonist, during the early 1900s.

This house now serves as a literary center for readers and writers. Visitors can explore the historic rooms and learn about Thurber’s life and works.

Since opening to the public in 1984, Thurber House has become a key site for literary events and programming in Columbus. It continues to honor Thurber’s legacy and promote the literary arts.

For more information, visit Thurber House.

5. Schwartz Castle

Schwartz Castle is a historic house located in the German Village neighborhood of Columbus, Ohio. Built around the 1880s, it was the home of German immigrant Frederich Wilhelm Schwartz.

The building is known for its distinct windowed turret that towers above other structures on South Third Street. Schwartz Castle adds to the charm of the area, contributing to its historic and architectural significance.

The house has a rich history, including periods of vacancy and private ownership. Frederich Wilhelm Schwartz, who owned an apothecary shop, built the castle intending it for his fiancée in Germany.

6. Franklin Park Conservatory

Franklin Park Conservatory is a renowned botanical garden in Columbus, Ohio. It showcases over 400 plant species and features exotic plant collections, outdoor gardens, and stunning art installations. Notable exhibits include the works of Dale Chihuly.

Visitors can enjoy seasonal exhibitions and various educational programs. Community outreach initiatives are also held here, enhancing its cultural and educational significance. For more details, visit the Franklin Park Conservatory website.

7. Short North Arts District

The Short North Arts District stands out for its vibrant atmosphere and artistic flair.

Known for its historic Short North Arches, the area features 17 iconic arches, originally built in 1888, that light up the streets.

Visitors can enjoy the monthly Gallery Hop, where galleries and shops stay open late, accompanied by live music and street performances.

The district is also recognized for its inclusivity and commitment to LGBTQIA+ representation, making it a welcoming place for all.

8. King Arts Complex

The King Arts Complex is a prominent cultural site in Columbus, Ohio. Located on the near East side, it sits in a historical African-American area.

Originally built in 1925 as the Pythian Temple and James Pythian Theater, it was renovated in 1987. Today, it hosts various cultural and educational programs.

The complex covers 60,000 square feet, offering space for the community to engage in artistic and educational activities. It’s a notable landmark on the National Register of Historic Places.

9. Kelton House Museum & Garden

The Kelton House Museum & Garden, located in Columbus, Ohio, is a historic landmark built in 1852. It combines Greek Revival and Italianate architectural styles.

Visitors can explore life in the Victorian Era through the Kelton family’s preserved home.

The house features original furnishings and offers insights into 19th-century urban living. It is part of the East Town Street Historic District and showcases decorative arts and customs of the time.

For those interested in history, the Kelton House also has links to the Underground Railroad, making it a significant cultural site. Explore more at the Kelton House website.

10. The Pizzuti Collection

The Pizzuti Collection is a renowned contemporary art space in Columbus, Ohio.

Established by collectors Ron and Ann Pizzuti, this gallery is part of the Columbus Museum of Art. It stands out in the Short North Arts District.

The gallery, located on the eastern edge of Goodale Park, occupies a historic building in the Victorian Village neighborhood.

Its exhibits rotate regularly, featuring a diverse range of artists. The space reopened to the public on August 28, 2020, after being temporarily closed due to the pandemic.

Learn more about the Pizzuti Collection here.

Historical Significance of Columbus’ Architectural Gems

Columbus, Ohio boasts a rich architectural history, featuring buildings that have played crucial roles in the city’s development.

From early designs to modern restoration efforts, these structures exemplify the city’s commitment to preserving its architectural heritage.

Early Influences on Architectural Design

Columbus’ architectural evolution began in the 19th century with structures such as the Ohio Statehouse. Completed in 1861, this Greek Revival building symbolizes democracy and governance.

Another notable structure is the Hayden Building, built in 1869. This High Victorian Italianate sandstone façade represents the industrial might of that era.

Such historical gems set the foundation for Columbus’ unique architectural landscape, blending practicality and aesthetics.

Preservation and Restoration Efforts

Maintaining the historical integrity of Columbus’ iconic buildings has been a priority.

For instance, the LeVeque Tower, an Art Deco marvel completed in 1927, has undergone several restorations to preserve its distinct silhouette.

Efforts have also been made to refurbish the Irwin Union Bank, ensuring that contemporary functionality meets historical preservation.

Prominent Architectural Styles in Columbus

Columbus is home to a variety of architectural styles that reflect its rich cultural history. Three prominent styles in the city are Art Deco, Gothic Revival, and Modernism.

Art Deco

Art Deco architecture in Columbus boasts sleek, geometrical designs and often features richly decorated surfaces.

A key example is the LeVeque Tower, completed in 1927. This building is known for its distinctive silhouette and the intricate details on its facade.

The style often includes motifs such as zigzags, chevrons, and sunbursts.

Art Deco buildings frequently utilize materials like terracotta, stucco, and glass, giving them a unique, almost futuristic appearance.

In Columbus, these buildings add a historic yet forward-thinking character to the urban landscape, symbolizing progress and modernity.

Gothic Revival

Gothic Revival architecture is characterized by its pointed arches, ribbed vaults, and flying buttresses.

This style became popular in the late 19th century and is often seen in churches and educational institutions.

One notable example is the Ohio Statehouse, which started construction in 1839 and features various stylistic influences, among them Gothic elements.

Buildings in this style often present an imposing, medieval appearance, complete with tall spires and intricate stone carvings.

In Columbus, Gothic Revival structures contribute to the city’s historical ambiance, offering a link to architectural practices from centuries past.

Modernism

Modernism in Columbus is marked by simplicity, clean lines, and functional design.

A prime example is the Miller House by Eero Saarinen, completed in 1957. This building reflects the principles of mid-century modernism, with an emphasis on open spaces, minimalistic decor, and integration with the surrounding landscape.

Saarinen collaborated with designer Alexander Girard and landscape architect Dan Kiley, achieving a harmonious balance between architecture and environment.

Modernist buildings often use materials such as steel, glass, and concrete, and focus on the idea that form follows function.

In Columbus, Modernist architecture highlights the importance of innovative design that meets contemporary needs while remaining aesthetically pleasing.

Architects Who Shaped Columbus’ Landscape

Columbus, Ohio, has been greatly influenced by its architects, who have left lasting impacts through their designs. These professionals not only created iconic buildings but also set standards for future generations.

Eminent Architects and Their Contributions

Freytag & Associates, Inc., in operation since 1929, has significantly contributed to Columbus’ architectural development.

Known for their work in educational, commercial, and historic preservation projects, they have a diverse portfolio.

Their designs blend functionality with aesthetic appeal, showcasing a commitment to excellence that has stood the test of time. More details can be found on their services and projects.

Another key player is O&S Engineers & Architects.

They are known for reshaping Columbus’ architectural narrative with their tailored approach.

This firm addresses the city’s unique challenges and opportunities, creating buildings that resonate with the local environment.

Their dynamic projects can be explored here.

Legacy and Influence on Future Generations

The legacy of firms like Freytag & Associates and O&S Engineers & Architects extends beyond their completed projects. Their innovative approaches to architecture have set benchmarks for quality and creativity in Columbus.

These architects not only designed remarkable buildings but also mentored younger architects, passing on invaluable knowledge and skills.

Their influence is evident in the work of new, emerging firms that continue to push the boundaries of design while respecting the city’s historical and cultural context.

The ongoing evolution of Columbus’ architectural landscape owes much to the pioneering work of these architects, whose principles and styles continue to inspire.