Copenhagen, the capital of Denmark, is famed for its stunning architectural diversity. From historic buildings to contemporary marvels, the city’s urban landscape offers a unique blend of design that attracts visitors from around the world.
This article will explore some of the most iconic architectural structures in Copenhagen.
What are the must-see architectural buildings in Copenhagen? This guide will take you through ten of the best, showcasing a variety of styles and features that make each building remarkable.
Whether you are an architecture enthusiast or simply someone who appreciates beautiful structures, these buildings are sure to impress and inspire.
1. The Royal Library, Copenhagen
The Royal Library in Copenhagen, also known as the Black Diamond, is an architectural gem.
Completed in 1999, this building was designed by Danish architects Schmidt Hammer Lassen.
Clad in black granite, the exterior reflects the waters of the nearby harbor.
Inside, visitors can explore extensive collections and enjoy stunning views.
The building also houses a concert hall, exhibitions, and a café. It is a significant cultural landmark on the Copenhagen waterfront, blending modern design with the city’s historic charm.
For more information about the Royal Library, visit the ArchDaily article.
2. Grundtvig’s Church
Grundtvig’s Church is a must-see architectural gem in Copenhagen.
Designed by Peder Vilhelm Jensen-Klint, the church was built between 1921 and 1940. It stands as a memorial to N. F. S. Grundtvig, a famous Danish pastor and scholar.
The church’s design is inspired by the traditional stepped gabled churches found in Danish villages. However, Jensen-Klint took the design to an impressive scale, making the building 259 feet long.
Notable for its combination of Gothic and modern elements, Grundtvig’s Church features yellow brickwork, intricate carvings, and high vaulted ceilings. Its tall, striking façade makes it a standout in the city.
For more information, visit the Architectural Digest article on the church.
3. Copenhagen Opera House
The Copenhagen Opera House is one of the most modern opera houses in the world.
It is located on the island of Holmen in central Copenhagen.
Designed by the renowned architect Henning Larsen, this impressive building opened in 2004. The opera house features striking wood, glass, and steel elements.
The Copenhagen Opera House is also one of the most expensive ever built, costing approximately 2.5 billion DKK (about 370 million USD).
The building stands out along the city’s inner harbor, catching the eye with its elegant design.
4. The Black Diamond
The Black Diamond, a stunning extension of the Royal Danish Library, is a must-see in Copenhagen.
Completed in 1999, this modern structure was designed by Schmidt Hammer Lassen.
Its sleek facade of polished black granite reflects the harbor’s waves, giving it a dynamic look that distinguishes it from neighboring buildings.
The building spans over eight floors and houses 450 rooms.
The granite used in its construction was mined in Zimbabwe and polished in Italy. Each stone weighs about 75 kg. This unique design feature gives the building its nickname, the Black Diamond.
Inside, the Black Diamond offers more than just books. Visitors can explore its history, enjoy a meal, or attend events. The building’s architecture and diverse amenities make it a cultural hub in Copenhagen. More information can be found here.
5. Tietgen Student Hall
Tietgen Student Hall is one of the most striking architectural landmarks in Copenhagen.
Its circular design is inspired by traditional southern Chinese Hakka architecture. This shape allows the building to address its surroundings equally in all directions.
The residence hall is seven stories tall and houses 360 rooms, each with panoramic views of the channel.
The exterior is clad in tombak, a copper-based alloy, and oak, giving it a unique appearance.
The inner areas feature unpainted concrete walls covered in birch, creating a modern yet warm atmosphere.
Tietgen Student Hall also serves as a vibrant hub, connecting the new Ørestad district with the nature of Amager Common.
More details can be found on the Tietgen Dormitory page.
6. 8 House
8 House, designed by the renowned Bjarke Ingels Group (BIG), is located in the southern part of Ørestad near the Copenhagen Canal.
This architectural marvel spans 60,000 square meters, making it Denmark’s largest private development.
The structure is famous for its unique, figure-eight shape, which provides stunning views over Kalvebod Fælled’s protected open spaces.
It deftly combines residential and office spaces, creating a mixed-use environment that fosters a sense of community.
One of the key design features is its sweeping ramps that form a continuous path from the ground level to the top floor. This design promotes social interaction by encouraging residents and workers to walk and meet within the building.
For more details, explore the 8 House by BIG.
7. The Standard
The Standard is a notable building located on the waterfront in Copenhagen.
Originally constructed in 1937 by architect Kristoffer Nyrop Varming, the building showcases a blend of Art Deco and Functionalist design.
This building stands out with its green copper roof and symmetrical facade. It was initially a custom house but was later transformed into a cultural and dining hub.
Today, The Standard houses several high-end restaurants and a jazz club, making it a popular spot for both locals and tourists. Its elegant design and vibrant atmosphere contribute to Copenhagen’s rich architectural landscape.
8. Copenhagen Towers
Copenhagen Towers is a striking complex located in Ørestad, a developing area of Copenhagen.
The project includes three towers that blend modern architecture with sustainable design.
Designed by Foster + Partners, the towers feature energy-efficient systems and green rooftops. The tallest tower stands at 85 meters, offering breathtaking views of the city.
Copenhagen Towers serves as a prime example of eco-friendly architecture in Denmark.
The buildings have earned several sustainability certifications for their innovative use of materials and energy solutions.
Visitors can enjoy a range of amenities, including restaurants, conference facilities, and a large atrium. The complex is easily accessible via public transport, making it a convenient destination for both locals and tourists.
For more information, you can visit the Visit Copenhagen website.
9. VM Houses
The VM Houses are a significant architectural project in Copenhagen designed by Bjarke Ingels Group (BIG) and JDS Architects.
Completed in 2005, the buildings stand out in the Ørestaden neighborhood.
Shaped like the letters “V” and “M” when viewed from above, VM Houses push the boundary of residential design.
Each unit is designed to maximize natural light and ensure optimal views of the surrounding landscape.
One distinctive feature is the triangular balconies on the south facade of the V building. These unique balconies give the structures a modern look and create additional outdoor space for residents.
VM Houses were among the first housing projects in Ørestad City. The buildings’ positioning and design eliminate direct views into neighboring apartments, offering more privacy. Visit VM Houses to explore this innovative residential project.
10. The Blue Planet
The Blue Planet, also known as Den Blå Planet, is Denmark’s National Aquarium in Copenhagen.
It is recognized for its unique, swirling architecture inspired by a whirlpool.
Opened in 2013, the building’s design leads visitors through a curved lobby and out to 53 individual aquariums. These exhibits showcase diverse marine life.
The Blue Planet has received several awards for its design, including the Architizer A+ 2017 Popular Award for Best Museum. The building’s distinctive form and thoughtful design make it a must-see destination in Copenhagen.
Architectural Styles in Copenhagen
Copenhagen features a rich blend of historical and modern architecture. This mix defines the city’s unique look and feel, making it a fascinating destination for architecture enthusiasts.
Historical Influence
Copenhagen boasts numerous buildings influenced by the Renaissance, Baroque, and Rococo styles.
Historic structures, such as Rosenborg Castle, reflect the grandeur of the Renaissance period. Its detailed facade and lush gardens highlight the craftsmanship of the era.
The Baroque era brought ornate details to buildings like Frederik’s Church, known for its impressive dome.
Meanwhile, the Rococo period is evident in Amalienborg Palace, with its elegant interiors and meticulous design, exemplifying royal Danish architecture.
Modern Innovations
Modern architecture in Copenhagen features contemporary, eco-friendly designs.
For instance, Amager Bakke, a waste-to-energy plant, incorporates sustainable technologies. Its rooftop ski slope and hiking trails make it a striking example of functional design.
The 8 House by Bjarke Ingels Group showcases cutting-edge residential architecture. Its figure-eight shape includes mixed-use spaces, emphasizing community living.
Modern structures often blend public and private spaces, encouraging social interaction. These innovations reflect Copenhagen’s commitment to sustainability and modern living while maintaining a strong connection to its historical roots.
Prominent Architects Behind Copenhagen’s Buildings
Copenhagen’s architecture showcases the work of renowned architects whose designs have left a lasting impact on the city’s landscape. Two key figures are Jørn Utzon and Henning Larsen, who have contributed significantly to the city’s modern design.
Jørn Utzon
Jørn Utzon is best known for designing the Sydney Opera House, but his contributions to Copenhagen are also noteworthy.
One of his notable works in the city is the Bagsværd Church. This church is celebrated for its innovative use of concrete and light, which creates a serene and modern worship space.
Utzon’s designs in Copenhagen often include clean lines, natural light, and an emphasis on simplicity, reflecting his Danish heritage and modernist style.
Another significant project by Utzon in the city is his own home, Can Lis, which, though not public, is a testament to his design philosophy.
His use of natural materials and integration with the environment make his works stand out. Utzon’s influence on Copenhagen’s architecture continues to inspire architects worldwide.
Henning Larsen
Henning Larsen, another influential architect in Copenhagen, is renowned for his work on the Copenhagen Opera House, a modern marvel located on the island of Holmen.
This building is not just a theater but a landmark that defines the city’s skyline. Its design features large glass façades and expansive interiors, creating an open, inviting environment for both visitors and performers.
Larsen’s other significant works in Copenhagen include the IT University of Copenhagen and the Ministry of Foreign Affairs.
His architectural style often involves the efficient use of natural light, sustainable materials, and the blending of indoor and outdoor spaces. Each project by Larsen promotes interaction and community, echoing the social fabric of Danish culture.
Conclusion
Copenhagen is a city rich with diverse architectural styles, blending historic structures with modern marvels.
From the majestic Copenhagen Opera House designed by Henning Larsen to the innovative Amager Bakke waste-to-energy power plant by Bjarke Ingels Group, the city offers a broad spectrum of design.
One of the standout features of Copenhagen’s architecture is its harmonious integration of old and new. This blend is evident in numerous locations, reflecting the city’s commitment to preserving its history while embracing contemporary design.
Visitors can explore the grandeur of historic buildings like Rosenborg Castle alongside cutting-edge structures such as the 8 House, also by Bjarke Ingels Group.
This residential building showcases Copenhagen’s forward-thinking approach to sustainable urban living.
The variety in architectural styles across Copenhagen illustrates the city’s evolving design landscape.
Whether it’s through the elegant lines of minimalist Danish design or the bold statements of modern architecture, Copenhagen remains a hub for architectural innovation.
Through these ten buildings, one can see the city’s dedication to maintaining a vibrant, inclusive urban environment that caters to both its historical roots and future aspirations.