10 Best Architectural Buildings in Melbourne, Australia: Must-See Landmarks

Melbourne, Australia, is a city rich in diverse architectural history and culture.

Its skyline and streets are dotted with buildings that reflect various styles, from the Gothic to modern skyscrapers.

These buildings not only add to the aesthetic appeal of Melbourne but also tell the story of the city’s growth and evolution over the years.

What are the must-see architectural wonders in Melbourne?

This article will explore ten of the best architectural buildings that showcase the city’s stunning design and impressive engineering.

Whether you’re an architecture enthusiast or a curious traveler, these iconic structures are sure to captivate and inspire.

1. Federation Square

Federation Square, located in the heart of Melbourne, is a key cultural and public space.

It is known for its unique architecture designed by Lab Architecture Studio and Bates Smart.

Covering 3.2 hectares, Federation Square includes open-air spaces and cultural venues like galleries and performance centers.

Its design is a mix of steel and masonry.

This vibrant area can accommodate up to 35,000 people. It hosts various cultural events, making it a popular gathering place.

For more about its architecture, visit Federation Square.

2. Royal Exhibition Building

The Royal Exhibition Building in Melbourne is a magnificent example of 19th-century architecture.

Built between 1879 and 1880, it is one of the oldest remaining exhibition pavilions in the world.

It was designed by architect Joseph Reed, who incorporated Byzantine, Romanesque, Lombardic, and Italian Renaissance styles.

The building is located in the Carlton Gardens and is a UNESCO World Heritage Site. The gardens were designed to complement the grandeur of the building.

Visitors can enjoy a unique view of the Melbourne skyline from the Dome Promenade.

The building also houses exhibits that showcase its rich history and significance.

The Royal Exhibition Building is not just an architectural gem but also a key part of Melbourne’s cultural heritage, hosting various events and exhibitions throughout the year.

It stands as a testament to Melbourne’s historical and architectural legacy.

3. Eureka Tower

Eureka Tower stands prominently in the Southbank precinct of Melbourne. Completed in 2006, it reaches a height of 297.3 meters (975 feet), making it one of Australia’s tallest buildings.

The building features 576 apartments, a five-level podium, a hotel, boutique office space, commercial car parking, and retail tenancies. A north-south arcade and garden plaza connect pedestrians to the Yarra River and the Melbourne CBD.

Designed by Fender Katsalidis Architects, Eureka Tower is known for its sleek glass exterior and impressive views from the top floors.

The Skydeck offers a stunning panoramic view of Melbourne, attracting visitors year-round.

4. Old Melbourne Gaol

Old Melbourne Gaol is a historic building located on Russell Street in Melbourne, Victoria.

Built in stages between 1841 and 1864, it functioned as a prison until 1929. Today, it serves as a museum.

The building is made of bluestone and features a courtyard. It was once connected to the City Police Watch House and the City Courts, which are nearby.

Visitors can explore the gaol’s cells and learn about the lives of its former inmates. The site also offers tours and educational programs.

This building is considered a fine example of 19th-century colonial architecture. Its grim history and well-preserved structure make it one of Melbourne’s must-see historical sites.

For more information, visit Old Melbourne Gaol.

5. St. Paul’s Cathedral

St. Paul’s Cathedral is an Anglican cathedral located in Melbourne, Australia. It serves as the cathedral church of the Diocese of Melbourne and is the seat of the Archbishop of Melbourne.

The cathedral was designed by the English architect William Butterfield, who was known for his ecclesiastical designs.

The foundation stone for St. Paul’s Cathedral was laid in 1880.

The architectural style is a mix of Gothic transitional, incorporating elements of both Early English and Decorated styles. This unique design makes it one of the most recognized landmarks in Melbourne.

In 2009, extensive restoration works were completed to both the exterior and interior of the cathedral.

These efforts helped preserve its historical and architectural integrity. The cathedral also restored the historic office buildings at St. Paul’s House for new ministry and administrative uses.

St. Paul’s Cathedral remains a popular site with over 400,000 visitors a year, making it Victoria’s most visited sacred place.

The cathedral continues to be a vibrant center for prayer and worship in Melbourne.

Learn more about St. Paul’s Cathedral and its history here.

6. Victorian Arts Centre

The Victorian Arts Centre is a key cultural landmark in Melbourne. Known for its unique spire, the centre is a hub for the arts with more than 4,000 events each year.

Located on St Kilda Road, the complex includes multiple performance venues. The State Theatre, Playhouse, and Fairfax Studio are all housed within the centre.

The design of the centre is both striking and functional. It was designed by Roy Grounds, an influential Australian architect.

Its spire, illuminated at night, is a defining feature of Melbourne’s skyline.

The Victorian Arts Centre fosters the city’s vibrant arts scene and attracts visitors from around the world.

7. RMIT Design Hub

The RMIT Design Hub, located in Melbourne, is a striking example of modern architecture.

Designed by Australian architect Sean Godsell, the building was completed in 2012.

The Design Hub stands out with its 774 rotating glass discs that cover the façade. These discs help control internal temperatures by adjusting to sunlight.

Inside, the building features flexible spaces that can be adapted for various uses. This makes it ideal for creative and academic work.

The RMIT Design Hub also focuses on sustainability.

The building has an underground tank that stores greywater, making it a Greenstar Certified Project.

For more information, visit the Architectural Review on RMIT Design Hub or ArchDaily on RMIT Design Hub.

8. Shrine of Remembrance

The Shrine of Remembrance is one of Melbourne’s most iconic landmarks.

Located in Kings Domain on St Kilda Road, this monument was originally built to honor the men and women of Victoria who served in World War I.

Completed in 1934, it now serves as a memorial for all Australians who have fought in wars and peacekeeping missions. The Shrine hosts annual observances, including Anzac Day and Remembrance Day ceremonies.

Melbourne architects Ashton Raggatt McDougall updated the Shrine with contemporary features in 2003 and 2014.

These updates include new entry courtyards, making the site more accessible.

Visitors can explore exhibitions, take tours, and enjoy scenic views of Melbourne.

The Shrine remains a beloved destination for both locals and tourists for its historical significance and impressive architecture.

For more information, visit the Shrine of Remembrance website.

9. Manchester Unity Building

The Manchester Unity Building is an iconic part of Melbourne’s cityscape.

Built in 1932, this Art Deco Gothic masterpiece stands at the corner of Swanston and Collins Streets. Its design was crafted by the architect Marcus Barlow, who was known for his belief in progress and innovation.

The building’s most striking feature is its soaring stepped corner tower. This impressive structure is easily recognizable and sits prominently opposite the Melbourne Town Hall.

Inside, the level-11 lobby has been restored with original marble inlay flooring, showcasing the attention to detail in its architecture.

Constructed for the Manchester Unity Independent Order of Oddfellows, the building also boasts a blend of art, science, culture, and commerce.

It remains a vibrant part of Melbourne, housing both office spaces and retail outlets. To learn more, visit the History of the Manchester Unity Building.

10. AAMI Park

AAMI Park is a major sports venue in Melbourne, Australia.

Designed by Cox Architecture, this stadium was completed in 2010. It covers 55,480 square meters and can hold up to 30,050 spectators.

The stadium is notable for its innovative bioframe design. This lightweight steel structure helps reduce the need for internal columns, providing unobstructed views for all attendees.

AAMI Park serves as a home ground for multiple sports teams.

It hosts soccer, rugby league, and rugby union matches. The park is located close to the Melbourne and Olympic Parks, enhancing the city’s strong reputation for world-class sports facilities.

The unique roof design features a geodesic dome with triangular panels.

This allows natural light to filter through, creating an open and airy atmosphere.

AAMI Park has received multiple awards for its design, including recognition from the World Stadium Congress.

Historical Significance

Melbourne’s architectural history is rich with examples from both its colonial past and the modernism movement. Each era offers a glimpse into the city’s evolving identity and cultural landscape.

Colonial Architecture

Colonial architecture in Melbourne began with European settlement and spans from the early 19th century to the mid-1800s.

Notable buildings from this era include the imposing Government House, completed in 1876 with almost 240 rooms, making it one of the largest governor’s residences of the time.

Other key structures like the ANZ Gothic Bank, built between 1883 and 1887, display the opulence and craftsmanship of the period.

These buildings are known for their intricate facades and elaborate interiors, reflecting the wealth and ambitions of a young colony.

Modernism Movement

The modernization of Melbourne’s architecture took off in the early 20th century.

This movement was characterized by simplified forms and a departure from ornate details.

The Manchester Unity Building, constructed in 1932, is a prime example of Art Deco style that emerged during this period.

Its bold geometric shapes and streamlined forms marked a shift towards functionalism and innovation.

Throughout the 20th century, Melbourne saw a blend of international influences and local innovations, contributing to its dynamic skyline.

The modernist movement left a legacy of iconic structures that continue to shape the city’s architectural narrative today.

Architectural Styles

Melbourne boasts a mix of historical and modern architecture, showcasing styles like Victorian Era and Art Deco that define many of its buildings today.

Victorian Era

During the Victorian Era, Melbourne experienced rapid growth and wealth, which led to the construction of many impressive buildings.

These structures often feature elaborate ornamentation and intricate details. Common elements include steeply pitched roofs, decorative trim, and large windows.

A notable example is the Royal Exhibition Building, recognized for its grand design and importance in Melbourne’s history.

Another example is the Windsor Hotel, known for its elegant façade and luxurious interiors.

Many of these Victorian buildings contribute to Melbourne’s unique charm and are a favorite among both locals and tourists.

Their preservation is a testament to the city’s commitment to maintaining its architectural heritage.

Art Deco

The Art Deco movement left a significant mark on Melbourne’s urban landscape during the early 20th century.

This style is characterized by bold geometric shapes, symmetrical patterns, and a mix of modern and classic elements.

One prominent example is the Manchester Unity Building, famous for its striking design and clock tower.

Another notable building is the Capitol Theatre, which features ornate interiors and a stunning ceiling.

Art Deco buildings in Melbourne often include decorative elements like terrazzo floors, metalwork, and stained glass.

These masterpieces continue to attract attention for their beauty and the era they represent.

Sustainability in Architecture

Sustainability in architecture focuses on reducing the environmental impact of buildings.

It involves using eco-friendly materials, energy-efficient systems, and designs that minimize waste and resource consumption.

Architects and designers in Melbourne are at the forefront of this movement.

One example is the Council House 2 (CH2) in Melbourne.

This building has features that significantly reduce energy and water usage.

The use of natural ventilation, solar panels, and recycled materials makes it an exemplary model.

Another notable project is the transformation of an old factory into a contemporary studio by Katz Architecture.

This project respects the building’s industrial past while incorporating modern, sustainable updates.

It is a testament to how existing structures can be adapted for new, eco-friendly purposes.

Here are some common features found in sustainable buildings:

• Green Roofs: These reduce heat absorption and manage rainwater effectively.
• Solar Panels: Used to generate renewable energy, cutting down on fossil fuel use.
• Water Recycling Systems: These systems reuse water, reducing overall consumption.
• Natural Ventilation: Reduces the need for air conditioning by allowing fresh air to circulate.

These practices not only help in reducing the carbon footprint but also promote healthier environments for occupants.

Sustainable architecture is not just a trend; it is a necessary shift towards more eco-conscious living.

For more information on sustainable buildings in Australia, check out the top 10 green buildings in Australia.

These buildings set a high standard for environmentally responsible design.