St. Louis, Missouri, is a city rich in history and culture, embodied through its stunning architectural landmarks. Each building tells a story of architectural evolution, blending styles from different eras and cultural influences.
Why should visitors and locals alike explore these buildings? They offer a unique glimpse into the city’s heritage and showcase breathtaking designs by renowned architects. This journey through St. Louis architecture promises to be both enlightening and inspiring.
1. Gateway Arch
The Gateway Arch is an iconic monument in St. Louis. Standing at 630 feet, it is the tallest man-made monument in the Western Hemisphere.
This stainless steel structure was designed by architect Eero Saarinen.
Constructed as a tribute to the westward expansion of the United States, it has become a symbol of the city. Visitors can enter through the Gateway Arch Visitor Center.
Forty blocks of St. Louis were cleared to create space for the arch and its park. This effort was part of an “enforced slum-clearance program.”
The arch is designed in the form of a weighted catenary arch.
2. Cathedral Basilica of Saint Louis
The Cathedral Basilica of Saint Louis, also known as the Saint Louis Cathedral, is a stunning example of architecture in the Central West End neighborhood.
George D. Barnett, of Barnett, Haynes, and Barnett, designed this impressive structure.
Completed in 1914, this cathedral features a circular Sacristy on the north end, though it was built later than the main structure. It was designated a basilica by Pope John Paul II in 1997.
The Cathedral Basilica of Saint Louis showcases intricate mosaics that are among the largest in the world. Visitors can explore the cathedral for free.
3. Saint Louis Art Museum
The Saint Louis Art Museum, situated in Forest Park, is known for its stunning architecture.
The historic Main Building, designed by Cass Gilbert, features a neo-classical style and originally served as an exhibition pavilion for the 1904 St. Louis World’s Fair.
The museum’s campus also includes the modern East Building, designed by David Chipperfield.
This addition accommodates contemporary art and blends seamlessly with the original structure. The museum is home to one of the most comprehensive art collections in the country.
Visitors can appreciate the architecture and the art collection, making it a must-see in St. Louis.
4. Old Courthouse
The Old Courthouse in Downtown St. Louis is a historic landmark, part of Gateway Arch National Park.
Built between 1839 and 1862, it was the tallest habitable building in Missouri from 1864 to 1894.
This courthouse hosted significant trials, including the Dred Scott case and Virginia Minor’s fight for women’s voting rights.
Its architecture includes a cast iron dome, added in the mid-1800s. Preserved by the National Park Service, it remains a fine example of nineteenth-century design.
5. City Museum
The City Museum in St. Louis is housed in a former shoe factory.
This 10-story building was transformed into an urban playground by artist Bob Cassilly.
Visitors can explore tunnels, caves, slides, and more. The museum is known for its repurposed architectural and industrial objects.
It’s located in downtown St. Louis and attracts people of all ages. Find more details here.
6. Union Station
Union Station in St. Louis is a striking example of Beaux-Arts architecture.
Designed by Theodore C. Link, it opened in 1894 and quickly became one of the busiest train terminals in the world.
After the last train departed in 1978, Union Station faced an uncertain future. However, it was repurposed in 1985 with new retail, dining, and entertainment venues, while still preserving its historic charm.
The station’s iconic features include the Headhouse, the Midway, and the vast Train Shed, each contributing to its historic and architectural significance.
7. Fox Theatre
Fox Theatre, also known as “The Fabulous Fox,” is a stunning performing arts center in St. Louis. It opened in 1929 and is located at 527 N. Grand Blvd in the Grand Center Arts District.
Designed by Charles Howard Crane, the theatre features breathtaking architecture similar to its twin in Detroit.
The venue, originally a movie palace, was renovated and reopened in 1982. Today, it hosts Broadway shows, concerts, and comedians, making it one of the most exquisite venues in the country to enjoy live performances. More details can be found here.
8. Eads Bridge
Eads Bridge is a marvel of engineering and a true icon of St. Louis.
Completed in 1874, it was the first bridge to use steel in its construction. This structure connects Missouri and Illinois over the Mississippi River.
The bridge incorporates four massive masonry piers that support three elegant arches. The center span stretches 520 feet, flanked by two 502-foot spans.
Designed by James Buchanan Eads, the bridge was the first in the U.S. to use caissons for its piers. This pioneering technique allowed for deeper and more stable foundations, showcasing remarkable innovation.
Learn more about the bridge’s history and design celebrations at the Missouri Historical Society.
9. Sheldon Concert Hall
The Sheldon Concert Hall, designed by Louis Spiering, opened in 1912 as the home of the Ethical Society of St. Louis.
This historic building is known for its incredible acoustics and Craftsman-style warmth.
The building was later purchased by the non-profit Sheldon Arts Foundation in 1991. Today, it hosts over 350 events each year, making it a vibrant cultural hub in St. Louis.
Learn more about the Sheldon’s fascinating history here.
10. Wainwright Building
The Wainwright Building, located at 709 Chestnut Street in downtown St. Louis, is an iconic example of early skyscraper design.
Completed in 1891, it stands 10 stories tall and features a striking terra cotta facade.
Designed by architects Louis Sullivan and Dankmar Adler, the building is praised for its innovative approach to aesthetics and structure. Sullivan’s principle of “form follows function” is evident in its design.
The Wainwright Building remains an important piece of architectural history in St. Louis, showcasing the transition from traditional to modern building styles. For more details, visit Wainwright Building.
Historical Significance
The architectural heritage of St. Louis tells a unique story of the city’s cultural evolution and significant architectural movements. This history is displayed in its notable structures that continue to influence the local community.
Influence on Local Culture
St. Louis’s architecture has deeply shaped the city’s identity. Iconic buildings like the Anheuser-Busch brewery, with its German Romanesque architecture, represent the historical immigration patterns and economic growth spurred by local industries.
These structures not only serve as landmarks but also as reminders of the city’s rich past.
Historic sites such as the Compton Hill Water Tower, which provide stunning views of the city, highlight the ingenuity of 19th-century engineering.
These buildings help foster a sense of pride and continuity within the community by preserving the legacy of St. Louis’s development.
Major Architectural Movements
St. Louis has been home to several important architectural trends. The city experienced a boom in Beaux-Arts architecture at the turn of the 20th century, bringing grandeur and optimism during a time of economic growth.
Buildings from this era are characterized by their classical detailing and elaborate facades.
Another key movement is reflected in the post-war modernism of structures like the Gateway Arch, which symbolizes American innovation and progress.
These architectural styles mark significant periods in St. Louis’s history, contributing to its diverse architectural landscape and enhancing its cultural richness.
Architectural Styles in St. Louis
St. Louis is home to a rich diversity of architectural styles, such as Art Deco and Modernist, reflecting the city’s vibrant history and innovative design.
Art Deco
Art Deco architecture in St. Louis stands out with its distinctive geometric shapes, rich colors, and detailed ornamentation. This style, popular in the 1920s and 1930s, often features symmetrical designs with lavish decorations, including zigzags, chevrons, and floral motifs.
A notable example is the Shell Building, recognized for its bold lines and intricate stonework.
Another key site is the Continental Life Building, showcasing detailed façades and streamlined forms that are central to Art Deco design. These buildings embody an era of elegance and sophistication in urban architecture.
Modernist
Modernist architecture in St. Louis, emerging in the mid-20th century, emphasizes clean lines, functional design, and the use of new materials like concrete and steel. This style reflects a break from traditional forms and embraces simplicity and innovation.
The Gateway Arch is a prime example of this style. Designed by Finnish-American architect Eero Saarinen, it symbolizes the city’s role as the “Gateway to the West.”
Constructed from stainless steel, the Arch is notable for its sleek, minimalist aesthetic and impressive 630-foot height.
Another significant Modernist building is the Priory Chapel at Saint Louis Abbey.
Known for its stark, circular design and use of natural light, it represents the Modernist focus on form and function.
Explore more about Saint Louis skyline and its iconic buildings and famous St. Louis buildings.
Preservation Efforts
In St. Louis, preservation of historic architecture is crucial, involving extensive restoration projects and active community participation. These efforts ensure the city’s rich architectural heritage is maintained for future generations.
Restoration Projects
Several organizations in St. Louis focus on restoring historical buildings to their former glory.
For example, the Landmarks Association of St. Louis has been active since 1959 in preserving the city’s architectural legacy.
They often work on buildings like the Anheuser-Busch brewery, showcasing German Romanesque architecture with intricate details.
Restoration involves repairing structural elements, refurbishing interiors, and maintaining original design features to ensure historical accuracy.
Missouri Preservation is another key player. Their events, such as ceremonies and educational programs, raise awareness about the importance of preservation.
These projects not only help in saving the buildings but also in educating the public about the value of architectural history. They recently announced a public ceremony for celebrating successful restorations and ongoing initiatives.
Community Involvement
Community input and involvement play a significant role.
Local residents often participate in advocacy and fundraising efforts.
The Built St. Louis initiative aims to document and share the stories of these buildings, encouraging locals to get involved.
By highlighting the threats to these structures, they aim to spur action from both the public and private sectors.
Additionally, the Landmarks Association often collaborates with local schools.
They organize tours and workshops that teach students about the importance of historic preservation.
This engagement helps foster a sense of pride and responsibility among the younger generation.
Active participation from the community ensures that preservation efforts are sustained and that the city’s heritage remains intact.