Cambodia is home to some of the most remarkable architectural structures in Southeast Asia. With a history rooted in the grandeur of the Khmer Empire, the nation boasts an array of buildings that reflect its rich cultural heritage and modern advancements.
This article explores 20 of the finest architectural buildings in Cambodia, each showcasing unique designs and historical significance.
From ancient temples to contemporary landmarks, Cambodia’s architecture tells a story of innovation and tradition.
Visitors and locals alike can appreciate the beauty and craftsmanship of these structures, which stand as enduring symbols of the country’s artistic and cultural identity.
1. Angkor Wat
Angkor Wat is a majestic temple complex in Cambodia, built in the 12th century. It stands as the world’s largest religious structure, covering an impressive 402 acres (162.6 hectares).
Located near Siem Reap, about 150 miles (240 kilometers) from Phnom Penh, Angkor Wat is a masterpiece of Khmer architecture and a symbol of Cambodia.
The temple’s design showcases intricate bas-reliefs and nearly 2,000 apsaras carved into the stone.
Its layout and architectural elements demonstrate exceptional composition and balance.
Angkor Wat, meaning “Capital City Temple,” remains one of the most well-preserved and admired monuments globally.
For those planning a visit, the temple is open from 5am to 5:30pm. Expect long lines for entry tickets, especially if opting for a 1-day pass.
Discover more about Angkor Wat and its incredible architecture.
2. Bayon Temple
Bayon Temple is a striking piece of ancient architecture located at the center of Angkor Thom in Siem Reap, Cambodia. It was constructed in the late 12th or early 13th century during the reign of King Jayavarman VII.
The temple is famous for its intricate carvings and distinctive towers, each bearing large, serene faces. This feature gives it the nickname “the temple with many faces.”
Bayon is unique as it was the last state temple built at Angkor and the only one primarily dedicated to Buddhist deities.
The temple’s architecture is often described as “baroque” in a Khmer context, with rich decorations and complex structures.
The original name of Bayon was “Jayagiri,” meaning “Victory Mountain.” Over time, it became known as Bayon, possibly due to the banyan trees in the area.
Visitors to Bayon can admire its historical and architectural beauty while exploring the Angkor Archaeological Park.
3. Banteay Srei
Banteay Srei, also known as the “Citadel of Women,” is a 10th-century Cambodian temple. Dedicated to the Hindu god Shiva and his consort Parvati, it stands out for its intricate carvings and detailed bas-reliefs.
The temple is located about 25 km northeast of the main Angkor group of monuments.
It’s distinctively made of pink sandstone, which shines beautifully in the morning light.
The architecture here is considered one of the finest examples of Khmer classical art.
Unlike many other temples in Cambodia, Banteay Srei was not commissioned by a monarch. It was instead built by Yajnavaraha, a scholar and counselor to King Rajendravarman. This unique origin adds to its historical significance.
Visitors are often struck by the delicate and elaborate carvings, which depict scenes from Hindu mythology.
The temple’s small scale allows for a more personal and intimate exploration. Visit early morning or late afternoon to avoid the heat and crowds.
4. Ta Prohm
Ta Prohm is a unique temple located in the Siem Reap region of Cambodia. Constructed in 1186 AD, it was built under the reign of the Khmer King, Jayavarman VII.
Ta Prohm is distinct due to its picturesque ruins intertwined with massive tree roots.
The temple is often referred to as the “Tomb Raider Temple” because it was featured in the movie “Lara Croft: Tomb Raider.”
Its appearance, with trees growing out of the stone structures, gives it a mystical and ancient charm.
Ta Prohm is part of the Angkor Wat complex and lies about 3 km northeast of it, around 12 km from Siem Reap city.
The site was largely left in the state it was found, allowing visitors to witness the blend of nature and architecture.
The thick roots of spung trees and strangler figs that encompass and sometimes overtake the temple’s ruins give Ta Prohm a distinctive and fascinating appearance.
The battle between nature and architecture provides a unique perspective on the temple’s history.
Explore more about its history and layout on Wikipedia or discover tips for visiting on Atlas Obscura.
5. Preah Vihear
Preah Vihear Temple is a stunning example of Khmer architecture. Located on top of a 525-meter cliff in the Dângrêk Mountains, this temple offers breathtaking views of the surrounding landscape.
Built during the Khmer Empire, Preah Vihear is noted for its intricate sandstone carvings and impressive structure.
The temple complex consists of several sanctuaries connected by pavements and staircases. This design reflects the ingenuity of the ancient Khmer architects.
The site holds significant cultural and historical value, marking it as one of Cambodia’s most important heritage sites.
Visiting Preah Vihear allows one to appreciate not only the architectural brilliance but also the rich history of the Khmer Empire.
The temple’s strategic location on the border of Cambodia and Thailand adds to its unique appeal.
For more details, you can explore information about Temple of Preah Vihear and its UNESCO World Heritage status.
6. Royal Palace Phnom Penh
The Royal Palace in Phnom Penh stands as a prime example of traditional Khmer architecture.
Its design features defensive walls known as “kampeng,” along with a throne hall and the Temple of the Emerald Buddha. The Palace also includes towering spires and intricate mural paintings.
The complex blends traditional Khmer elements with European influences, creating a unique and captivating design.
Visitors can explore various buildings within the Palace grounds, each reflecting Cambodia’s rich cultural heritage.
The palace covers an area of 174,870 square meters, making it a sprawling and impressive site to visit.
The entry fee is around $6.50 USD, and it is open daily from 8 am to 10:30 am and 2 pm to 5 pm.
It’s recommended to check for closures during public and religious holidays.
For more details, visit Royal Palace of Cambodia – Wikipedia or A Complete Guide To Visiting The Royal Palace.
7. Silver Pagoda
The Silver Pagoda, also known as Wat Preah Keo, is a notable architectural gem in Phnom Penh, Cambodia. It was initially constructed in 1892 and later rebuilt in 1962 with luxurious materials like gold, silver, and diamonds.
This impressive building is part of the Royal Palace complex.
The Silver Pagoda derives its name from its floor, which is made up of nearly 5,000 silver tiles, each weighing around one kilogram. These tiles collectively weigh over five tons, adding to the building’s unique charm.
Inside the pagoda, there are numerous Buddha statues, including a significant emerald Buddha and a gold Maitreya Buddha.
The walls surrounding the buildings are adorned with Reamker paintings, created in the early 1900s by Cambodian artists.
Photography is not permitted inside, preserving the sanctity and privacy of the artifacts. This restriction ensures that visitors experience the heritage undisturbed.
For more details, you can visit Phnom Penh Royal Palace & Silver Pagoda.
8. Independence Monument
The Independence Monument in Phnom Penh stands as a symbol of Cambodia’s freedom from French colonial rule. Built in 1958, it commemorates the country’s independence achieved in 1953.
Designed by renowned Cambodian architect Vann Molyvann, the monument rises 37 meters tall. Its lotus-shaped stupa design reflects traditional Khmer architecture.
Located at the intersection of Norodom Boulevard and Sihanouk Boulevard, it is a central landmark in the city. During national celebrations, it serves as a focal point.
For its unique appearance and historical significance, it attracts many visitors each year. The combination of religious and secular elements adds to its cultural depth.
9. Central Market
The Central Market in Phnom Penh, also known as Phsar Thum Thmei, is an architectural gem.
Designed in 1935 by Jean Desbois, it features a unique cross shape, symbolizing the confluence of the Mekong, Tonlé Sap, and Bassac rivers.
Opened in 1937, the market is an Art Deco landmark. It boasts a bright yellow building with a 26-meter high central dome. Four arch-roofed arms extend from the central dome, creating vast hallways.
The market was renovated from 2009 to 2011, funded by the French Development Agency. This renovation helped preserve its emblematic architecture.
The market offers a variety of goods, making it a bustling hub for locals and tourists alike.
More details can be found on the Central Market of Phnom Penh and Phnom Penh Central Market pages.
10. Wat Phnom
Wat Phnom is a significant landmark in Phnom Penh. Its name means “Mountain Pagoda,” as it sits atop a small hill about 27 meters high. Established in 1373, it is the tallest religious structure in the city.
The temple’s architecture showcases traditional Khmer design. It includes a central stupa, prayer halls, and statues of Buddha. Wat Phnom also holds historical and cultural importance for the locals.
Wat Phnom is not just a tourist attraction but also an active religious site. Locals visit to pray for good luck and success.
The site is surrounded by lush greenery, making it a peaceful retreat in the middle of a bustling city.
Explore more about Wat Phnom at Wanderlog.
11. Phnom Bakheng
Phnom Bakheng is an ancient Hindu temple located in Siem Reap Province, Cambodia. Built at the end of the 9th century during the reign of King Yasovarman I, it served as the state temple of the first Khmer capital in the Angkor region.
The temple sits atop a hill, providing stunning views of the surrounding area, including the famous Angkor Wat.
Dedicated to Shiva, Phnom Bakheng’s architecture resembles a temple mountain, a design popular in Khmer architecture.
Today, it is a popular tourist attraction, especially for those seeking beautiful sunset views.
The climb to the top of the hill is rewarded with a panoramic view of the landscape and historic sites below.
For those interested in history and architecture, visiting Phnom Bakheng offers an enriching experience.
More about this temple can be found on the World Monuments Fund website.
12. Baphuon
Baphuon, located in Angkor Thom, is an 11th-century “temple-mountain” built under King Udayadityavarman II. This pyramid-style temple features three tiers of galleries leading to a central tower.
Baphuon is adorned with intricate carvings symbolizing various religious themes and myths. Visitors can enjoy a stunning panoramic view of Angkor Thom from a terrace accessed by steep stairs.
Baphuon is less crowded than Angkor Wat, offering a quieter exploration experience. The temple also includes a large statue of a reclining Buddha, crafted in later centuries, which adds to its historical significance.
Rehabilitation efforts have helped to stabilize and restore parts of Baphuon, making it a must-see for visitors to the Angkor Archaeological Park. For more detailed information on the Baphuon Temple, visit My Siem Reap Tours.
13. Koh Ker
Koh Ker, an ancient city in Cambodia, flourished in the 10th century. It served as the capital of the Khmer Empire under King Jayavarman IV. The site lies deep in the Cambodian jungle, between the Kulen and Dangrek mountains.
Koh Ker is renowned for its impressive temples and intricate sculptures. One notable temple, Prasat Thom, features a seven-tiered pyramid that stands 36 meters high. This pyramid offers stunning views of the surrounding landscape.
The site also includes temples like Prasat Chrap, known for its partly collapsed towers, and Prasat Damrei, famous for its elephant statues. The diversity in architectural styles at Koh Ker highlights the creative achievements of the Khmer Empire during that period.
For those seeking to explore Koh Ker, it is located about 120 kilometers from Siem Reap. Travelers can reach it via private car, tuk-tuk, or organized tours.
14. Phimeanakas
Phimeanakas is a Hindu temple in the Khleang style, located in Angkor, Cambodia. Built at the end of the 10th century during the reign of Rajendravarman, it stands within the Royal Palace compound of Angkor Thom.
The temple features a three-tiered, pyramid design that is notable for its unique architectural style. Despite its secluded location amid dense jungle, it remains a point of interest for many visitors.
Phimeanakas is sometimes referred to as the “celestial temple” or “Vimeanakas.” Its historic significance and distinct style make it a key highlight for anyone exploring Angkor. For more information, visit this detailed page on Wikipedia.
15. National Museum of Cambodia
The National Museum of Cambodia is located in Phnom Penh. It was officially inaugurated in 1920 by King Sisowat. The architectural design of the museum is inspired by traditional Khmer temple architecture.
The museum boasts the biggest collection of Khmer art in the country. This includes over 14,000 items such as statues, ceramics, and bronzes. The building itself is terra-cotta colored and features traditional Khmer decorative elements.
It offers a wide range of historical and archaeological exhibits. Visitors can explore its extensive collection to gain insights into Cambodia’s rich cultural heritage. This makes it a must-visit for anyone interested in Khmer art and history. For more information, visit National Museum of Cambodia.
16. Wat Ounalom
Wat Ounalom is one of the most significant Buddhist temples in Phnom Penh, Cambodia. Established in 1443, it serves as the center of Cambodian Buddhism. Its historical roots and spiritual importance make it a key destination for both locals and tourists.
The temple consists of 44 structures, each displaying unique architectural styles. Despite severe damage during the Khmer Rouge era, many buildings have been restored and date back to the late 20th century.
Located near the Royal Palace, Wat Ounalom stands out with its colorful and ornate stupas. The entrance gate and the huge gong nearby add to its impressive appearance. It’s a site not to miss when exploring Phnom Penh’s architecture.
The temple’s architecture reflects a blend of traditional and modern styles, symbolizing Cambodia’s rich history and cultural identity.
17. Wat Langka
Wat Langka, one of Phnom Penh’s oldest temples, was founded in 1442. It served as a sanctuary for sacred writings and a meeting place for Sri Lankan and Cambodian monks. The temple has a rich collection of ancient scriptures.
Founded by the monk Preah Langka, it has a serene setting which adds to its spiritual reverence. Visitors often appreciate the calm and peaceful environment.
During the Khmer Rouge reign, many temples were destroyed. Wat Langka, however, survived mostly intact, preserving its historical significance. This resilience adds to its importance in Cambodian history. Many visitors come to reflect and learn about its past.
For those interested in Cambodian history and spirituality, Wat Langka is a must-see destination. Its combination of historical significance and tranquil surroundings makes it a unique architectural highlight of Phnom Penh.
18. Wat Botum
Wat Botum Watey, officially called Wat Botum Watey Reacheveraram, stands as a significant temple in Phnom Penh. Built by King Ponhea Yat in 1434, it has deep historical roots.
The temple’s name means “Temple of the Lotus Blossoms.” Over time, it was rebuilt by King Norodom in 1865, further solidifying its importance.
Wat Botum is known for its beautiful pagoda and serene surroundings. It is also one of Phnom Penh’s key places for Buddhist study and practice. Visitors often find its peaceful atmosphere captivating.
Learn more about Wat Botum here.
19. Preah Khan
Preah Khan, which means “holy sword,” is a historical temple located in Siem Reap, Cambodia. Built in the 12th century, it commemorates the victory of Jayavarman VII over the Chams in 1191. This site might have been home to the royal palaces of Yasovarman II and Tribhuvanadityavarman.
The temple is surrounded by a laterite wall adorned with garudas holding nagas. This wall is interrupted at 50-meter intervals by 72 of these mythical bird-men figures. Measuring 800 by 700 meters, the complex is enclosed by a moat and spans a total area of 56 hectares.
A notable feature is the landing stage on the eastern side of Preah Khan, connected to the Jayatataka baray, a large reservoir. The baray measures about 3.5 by 0.9 kilometers, showcasing the temple’s grand scale and architectural prowess. This temple’s design and historical significance make it an essential visit for those exploring Cambodia’s rich heritage.
20. Bakong Temple
Bakong Temple, located in Siem Reap Province, is renowned as the first Khmer temple mountain made of sandstone. Built in the 9th century by King Indravarman I, it served as the official state temple in the ancient city of Hariharalaya, now known as Roluos.
The temple features a stepped pyramid structure and is dedicated to Shiva, reflecting early Khmer temple architecture. This design influenced many later Angkor temples.
Visitors to Bakong enter from the East. The temple holds significant cultural and historical value, offering insights into the architectural achievements of the Khmer Empire.
Historical Significance
Cambodia’s architecture reflects its rich history, from the grandeur of the Khmer Empire to the colonial influence of the French. Each era left a unique mark, shaping the country’s architectural landscape.
Colonial Architecture
Colonial architecture in Cambodia dates back to the late 19th century when the French established control over the region. This period saw the construction of many notable buildings, including the Royal Palace in Phnom Penh and various administrative buildings. These structures often featured a mix of French and traditional Khmer design elements.
French architects incorporated wide boulevards, airy verandas, and ornate facades into their designs. This blend aimed to create a sense of elegance while also accommodating the tropical climate. Noteworthy examples include the Central Market and the Railway Station in Phnom Penh.
The influence of colonial architecture is still evident today, offering a glimpse into Cambodia’s past under French rule. These buildings remain essential for understanding how colonial powers impacted local architectural styles and urban planning.
Influence of the Khmer Empire
The Khmer Empire, which flourished from the 9th to the 15th century, left a significant architectural legacy. The most iconic example is Angkor Wat, a massive 12th-century temple complex near Siem Reap. Built during the reign of King Suryavarman II, it covers 402 acres and symbolizes the zenith of Khmer architecture.
Angkor Wat is famous for its intricate carvings, towering spires, and extensive bas-reliefs depicting Hindu mythology. The temple’s layout follows a strict geometric pattern, representing Mount Meru, the center of the universe in Hindu and Buddhist cosmology.
Other important Khmer sites include the Bayon Temple, known for its giant stone faces, and Ta Prohm, which is enveloped by massive tree roots. These structures exemplify the architectural and engineering expertise of the Khmer Empire and continue to attract researchers and tourists from around the world.
Architectural Styles
Cambodia showcases a blend of traditional and modern architectural influences. This section explores the key characteristics of these architectural styles.
Traditional Khmer Architecture
Traditional Khmer architecture is famously represented by ancient temples such as Angkor Wat. Constructed in the 12th century, Angkor Wat is known for its grand scale and intricate stone carvings. This style often features central towers surrounded by galleries and is characterized by its use of sandstone.
The temple complex reflects both Hindu and Buddhist themes, using motifs like lotus flowers and mythical creatures. Khmer architecture, spanning from the 9th to 15th centuries, often used materials like laterite and brick, with timber for rooftops.
Modern Influences
Phnom Penh, Cambodia’s capital, has seen a surge in modern architectural developments.
The 1960s introduced New Khmer Architecture, integrating traditional elements with modernist styles.
Prominent architects like Vann Molyvann designed iconic buildings like the Independence Monument and Olympic Stadium.
These structures feature clean lines, open spaces, and local materials, blending international styles with Cambodian cultural aesthetics.
Today, sleek high-rises and shopping complexes dominate the skyline.
Contemporary architecture in Phnom Penh is characterized by the use of glass, steel, and concrete, reflecting the city’s rapid urbanization and modernity.
This modern wave signifies Cambodia’s transition into a new era, while still acknowledging its rich architectural heritage.