Denmark is home to some of the most stunning architectural masterpieces in the world, blending modern design with historical charm.
From sleek, contemporary structures to timeless historical buildings, the country’s rich architectural landscape attracts enthusiasts and professionals alike.
Curious about which iconic buildings to visit in Denmark? This guide highlights 20 of the best architectural buildings that showcase the ingenuity and creativity of Danish architecture.
Whether you’re planning a trip or simply fascinated by architectural beauty, these landmarks are worth exploring.
1. Rosenborg Castle
Rosenborg Castle in Copenhagen is a stunning example of Renaissance architecture.
Built in 1606 by Christian IV, the castle showcases the Dutch Renaissance style prevalent in Denmark at the time.
Originally intended as a country summerhouse, Rosenborg Castle evolved through expansions, culminating in its current form.
Christian IV’s influence is evident throughout the castle’s design and history.
Christian IV favored Rosenborg as his residence and venue for significant events. The castle houses the Royal Danish Collection, featuring numerous historical artifacts.
Visitors can explore the grand rooms and beautiful gardens surrounding the castle. For those interested in history and architecture, Rosenborg Castle is a must-see.
Learn more about Rosenborg Castle.
2. Frederiksberg Palace
Frederiksberg Palace, located in Copenhagen, is an excellent example of Baroque architecture.
Built in the late 17th century, it served as a summer residence for the Danish royal family.
King Frederick IV, inspired by Italian architecture, initiated its construction after returning from his European travels.
The palace is set atop Valby Hill, offering beautiful views and a serene environment.
Inside, visitors can explore grand halls decorated with period furnishings. The palace also features a chapel, which has been the venue for royal weddings.
Outside, the meticulously designed gardens are a highlight, reflecting the landscape styles of that era.
Today, Frederiksberg Palace attracts tourists who come to admire its stunning architecture and history. The palace is also a venue for cultural events and activities. For more detailed information, you can visit the Frederiksberg Palace Wikipedia page.
3. The Blue Planet
The Blue Planet, located in Kastrup, Denmark, stands out with its swirling architecture.
Designed by the renowned 3XN Architects, it resembles a giant whirlpool, making it a landmark for Copenhagen.
Visitors can easily spot it when arriving by land, sea, or air. The building’s aluminum façade shimmers like water, enhancing its organic form.
Inside, guests experience a curved lobby, leading them to 53 aquariums and installations.
This design not only captures the fluidity of water but also connects the building with the sea and landscape.
For more, visit Den Blå Planet or 3XN Architects.
4. Lego House
Lego House, located in Billund, Denmark, is known as the “Home of the Brick.”
It spans 12,000 square meters and is filled with 25 million Lego bricks. The design by BIG – Bjarke Ingels Group brings the toy scale of the classic Lego brick to an architectural scale.
The building offers a range of activities, including physical and digital Lego building and programming.
It’s situated near Legoland and the headquarters of The Lego Group.
Lego House is also a key part of the vision to make Billund the “Capital of Children.”
It combines functionality with the iconic character of a sculptural building, making it an architectural landmark as well as an experience hub for Lego fans of all ages.
5. Grundtvig’s Church
Grundtvig’s Church, located in the Bispebjerg district of Copenhagen, Denmark, is an architectural marvel.
Designed by Peder Vilhelm Jensen-Klint, the church is a notable example of expressionist architecture. Construction began in 1921 and was completed in 1940.
The church serves as a memorial to N.F.S. Grundtvig, a Danish pastor and scholar.
It stands 49 meters tall, making it one of the tallest buildings in its area. Each brick was meticulously handmade, highlighting the detailed craftsmanship.
One of the most striking features of Grundtvig’s Church is its vaulted halls. The grandeur of these halls draws many visitors and photographers.
Grundtvig’s Church is often celebrated for its unique architectural style, which blends classical Gothic elements with Nordic traditions. Its significance extends beyond its religious function, attracting architecture enthusiasts from around the world.
6. Danish Jewish Museum
The Danish Jewish Museum is located within the Royal Danish Library’s Galley House.
It was designed by the renowned architect Daniel Libeskind and opened in 2004. The museum’s architecture blends the old structure with modern design elements, creating a dynamic and engaging space.
Inside, visitors can explore the history of Danish Jews, including their rescue during World War II.
The exhibits focus on the diversity and culture of the Jewish community in Denmark rather than concentrating solely on the Holocaust.
Notable features include ornate windows and elegant cornices. This design honors Jewish traditions while incorporating a Nordic design approach.
For more information, you can visit their official website.
7. Møns Klint Visitor Center
The Møns Klint Visitor Center is located inside a stunning cliff in Denmark.
This center is known for its remarkable design and integration with the natural surroundings. It offers a mix of indoor and outdoor activities.
Visitors can explore over 20 exciting experiences. These include guided tours, climbing, a cable car, and a 3D cinema.
The architecture superbly combines modern style with nature.
A highlight is its location next to the Klinteskov forest and the dramatic Møns Klint cliffs.
The center truly embodies the balance between human innovation and the environment. The architectural design supports both education and adventure.
For more information, you can check their official page.
8. Børsen
Børsen, also known as the old stock exchange, stands proudly in Copenhagen.
Built during the reign of Christian IV in the early 17th century, it is a stunning example of Dutch Renaissance architecture.
The building is famous for its intricate gables and its unique spire, shaped like the tails of four dragons.
Located next to Christiansborg Palace on the island of Slotsholmen, Børsen is a key part of the city’s architectural heritage.
It served as a commodity exchange and later as the stock exchange. It remains one of the oldest buildings in Copenhagen.
In April 2024, the historic building was damaged by a fire, but fortunately, no one was injured. Despite the fire, Børsen continues to be a significant cultural icon in Denmark.
For more information, visit Arch Journey’s page on Børsen.
9. Copenhagen Opera House
The Copenhagen Opera House is a modern architectural marvel located on the island of Holmen in central Copenhagen.
Designed by Henning Larsen, it opened its doors in 2005. This building is regarded as one of the most expensive opera houses ever built, costing approximately 2.5 billion DKK.
Situated along the inner harbor, the opera house is known for its striking design.
It features extensive use of glass, steel, and wood, creating a visually stunning appearance.
Its interior design offers superb acoustics and state-of-the-art facilities to ensure an exceptional experience for visitors.
The opera house stands out with its monumental and contemporary design, making it a significant cultural landmark in Denmark.
This site is a must-see for architecture enthusiasts visiting Copenhagen. For more details, you can visit the Copenhagen Opera House page.
10. Egeskov Castle
Egeskov Castle, located near Kværndrup on the island of Funen, Denmark, is a remarkable example of Renaissance architecture.
Built in 1554 by Frands Brockenhuus, the castle is one of Europe’s best-preserved moated castles.
Egeskov Castle features geometric, proportional, and symmetrical designs, reflecting the popular Renaissance style of the 14th to 16th centuries. Its walls rise directly from the water, providing an extra layer of defense.
The castle is not just a historic building; it also includes an expansive park covering 20 hectares.
The park is home to several themed gardens and a museum housed in traditional thatched buildings. Egeskov Castle remains a prominent attraction, drawing visitors interested in history, architecture, and beautiful landscapes.
Learn more about Egeskov Castle and its architecture.
11. Aalborg Tower
Aalborg Tower stands 180 feet tall and was designed by local modernist architect Carlo Odgaard.
It was built at Aalborg Shipyard and is a notable feature in the city’s skyline.
The tower is an important piece of Aalborg’s architectural history. It offers panoramic views of the city and the Limfjord, making it a popular spot for visitors.
The tower has an observation deck that enhances the experience. Visitors to Aalborg often include it in their itineraries due to its unique design and scenic views.
For more information, visit details on the Aalborg Tower.
12. Harbour House
Harbour House, also known as Bryghusprojektet, is a standout in Copenhagen.
Designed by the renowned architecture firm OMA, it reflects modern Scandinavian design principles. The building integrates housing, offices, and retail spaces.
The structure encourages interaction among its various users. Located at Bryghuspladsen 10, it opened in 2018.
Its design promotes connections between indoor and outdoor spaces, offering views of the harbor.
Visitors can notice the building’s emphasis on transparency and openness. This creates a welcoming environment for both residents and visitors. The building’s architectural style is a blend of functionality and aesthetic appeal.
13. Ny Carlsberg Glyptotek
Ny Carlsberg Glyptotek in Copenhagen is a remarkable art museum founded by Carl Jacobsen, the son of the Carlsberg Brewery founder. The museum opened to the public in 1897.
The architecture is a unique blend of styles. Notable Danish architects like Vilhelm Dahlerup and Hack Kampmann contributed to its development. Visitors admire its distinctive architecture.
The museum’s collection features over 10,000 items.
It includes Northern Europe’s largest collection of antiquities and a significant number of 19th-century Danish and French art pieces, including many by Rodin. This makes it one of Copenhagen’s must-visit cultural sites.
14. The Royal Theatre
The Royal Theatre, also known as the Royal Danish Playhouse, is a landmark in Copenhagen.
It is located on the waterfront in the Frederiksstaden neighborhood. The theatre was purpose-built for dramatic performances.
Designed by the architectural firm Lundgaard & Tranberg, it opened its doors in 2008. The building has a modern design, enhancing Copenhagen’s cityscape.
The venue offers various facilities, including a café and a lovely promenade.
It’s a popular spot for both theatre enthusiasts and casual visitors. Its glassy architecture stands out, especially when viewed from across the harbor.
15. Black Diamond
The Black Diamond in Copenhagen is a stunning piece of architecture on the city’s waterfront. It is also known as The Royal Library.
Completed in 1999, this iconic building is clad in black granite, making it a standout landmark.
The Black Diamond’s unique facade reflects the harbor’s rippling waves, giving it a dynamic and sparkling appearance.
Inside, it houses extensive library collections and cultural spaces.
Designed by Schmidt, Hammer & Lassen (SHL), it represents a new era for Danish architecture, blending modern design with functionality.
The building leans over the harbor in a striking manner, creating a visual impact that is hard to miss. For more, visit this page.
16. Louisiana Museum of Modern Art
The Louisiana Museum of Modern Art, located in Humlebæk, Denmark, stands as a significant example of Danish modernist design.
Built in 1958, the museum combines elegant glass-facaded pavilions with a 19th-century villa.
Its architecture is lauded for being understated and minimalist. The complex harmonizes with the surrounding landscape, creating a serene environment for visitors.
The museum houses an extensive collection of modern and contemporary art. It has pieces ranging from World War II to the present day. Exhibits include iconic works by artists like Franz Gertsch and Roni Horn.
This popular destination attracts many visitors. It is considered a major work of Danish modernist architecture. For those interested in both architecture and modern art, Louisiana offers a unique and enriching experience.
17. National Aquarium Denmark
The National Aquarium Denmark, also known as Den Blå Planet, is a stunning architectural landmark on Amager.
The building’s design, inspired by a whirlpool, leads visitors into a circular lobby that immerses them in the aquarium’s unique layout.
Designed by 3XN architects, the aquarium covers 9,700 square meters. It features 53 aquariums and installations, filled with seven million liters of water, making it Northern Europe’s largest aquarium.
The building has won several awards, including the Architizer A+ 2017 Popular Award.
It’s a must-see destination in Copenhagen, showcasing innovative design and a vast array of marine life.
18. The Wave in Vejle
The Wave is a striking residential complex in Vejle, Denmark. Designed by Henning Larsen Architects, it stands out with its unique wave-like architecture.
The design is inspired by the nearby fjord, creating a visual connection with the surrounding landscape.
Located along the Vejle Fjord, The Wave features five distinct wave-shaped towers. Each tower accommodates modern apartments with stunning views of the water.
The project spans 14,000 square meters and includes 100 apartments.
Construction began in 2006, but was halted due to the global financial crisis. It resumed in 2015, and the project was eventually completed, staying true to Henning Larsen’s original vision. The Wave has since become an iconic landmark in the city.
The building is praised for its sculptural form and organic design. It challenges traditional architectural norms and adds a contemporary touch to Vejle’s skyline.
19. Salling Rooftop
Salling Rooftop in Aarhus is a stunning example of contemporary architecture.
Located on top of the Salling Department Store, this rooftop terrace offers a peaceful escape in the heart of the city.
Designed by Henning Larsen, the rooftop covers 2,000 square meters. It features a mix of wood, glass, and steel, creating a modern and sleek look.
The terrace was expanded in 2019 and again in 2022, yet the design remains seamless.
Visitors can enjoy panoramic views of Aarhus’s skyline while relaxing in seating areas or exploring the rooftop garden. The rooftop also hosts various events, making it a cultural hotspot.
For more information about this architectural masterpiece, visit Salling Rooftop or Henning Larsen’s project page.
20. The Iceberg
The Iceberg is a striking residential building situated in the Aarhus Docklands in Aarhus, Denmark.
Located on the waterfront, it comprises 208 apartments. Finished in 2013, the structure was developed over three years.
Designed by four renowned architectural firms—CEBRA, JDS Architects, Louis Paillard, and SeARCH—The Iceberg stands out with its jagged, iceberg-like shape.
Its unique design features “peaks” and “canyons,” which ensures that each apartment gets ample natural light and views of the waterfront.
It has not only redefined the skyline but also set a benchmark for innovative residential architecture.
The area where The Iceberg is located, Aarhus Ø, is a developing neighborhood that aims to transform a former industrial port into a vibrant community.
The project has contributed significantly to this transformation, making it a key landmark in the city.
For more details, you can visit The Iceberg – Aarhus.
Historical Context
Danish architecture has evolved through various influential periods, reflecting the country’s broader socio-cultural changes. The evolution spans from medieval castles and churches to modern, sustainable design.
Danish Architectural Evolution
Danish architecture dates back to medieval times, marked by structures like Roskilde Cathedral and Kronborg Castle. These buildings showcase the intricate gothic and Renaissance styles that were prevalent during the era.
Moving into the 18th and 19th centuries, neoclassicism became prominent, with architects like C.F. Hansen designing iconic buildings such as the Copenhagen Court House.
The 20th century brought about modernist movements influenced by functionalist principles.
Arne Jacobsen’s designs, such as the SAS Royal Hotel, illustrate this transition.
Contemporary Danish architecture focuses on sustainability and innovation, marked by structures like 8 House, designed by Bjarke Ingels.
Influence of Nordic Design
Nordic design principles have significantly impacted Danish architecture. These principles emphasize minimalism, light, and the use of natural materials.
Designers often focus on creating spaces that are visually simple yet highly functional.
Key elements include:
- Use of natural light to enhance space
- Incorporation of wood and stone materials
- Simple, functional forms that avoid unnecessary ornamentation
Buildings like the Louisiana Museum of Modern Art embody these principles. The museum’s design integrates seamlessly with its natural surroundings, offering a serene experience.
This approach to architecture prioritizes user experience, sustainability, and a connection to the natural environment, aspects that continue to define Danish architectural practices today.
Architectural Styles in Denmark
Denmark showcases a variety of architectural styles ranging from sleek modernism and functionalism to the intricate details of Renaissance and Baroque buildings. Each style reflects Denmark’s cultural and historical evolution.
Modernism and Functionalism
Modernism in Denmark emphasizes simplicity, functionality, and minimalism.
One notable example is the SAS Royal Hotel in Copenhagen, designed by Arne Jacobsen. The building displays clean lines and geometric shapes, reflecting the modernist principle of form following function.
Functionalism complements modernism by focusing on design efficiency and practicality.
The Sydney Opera House by Jørn Utzon is a Danish architectural marvel known for its innovative structure and functional spaces.
These styles continue to influence contemporary Danish architecture, promoting ecological sustainability and elegant, uncluttered designs.
Renaissance and Baroque
Denmark’s Renaissance architecture features symmetrical layouts and classical elements. A prime example is Rosenborg Castle in Copenhagen, showcasing ornate gables and copper roofs.
This style marks the influence of Dutch Renaissance in Denmark during the early 17th century.
Baroque architecture in Denmark brings more drama and grandeur.
Frederiksborg Castle is an exquisite example with its elaborate interior decorations and expansive gardens.
This style often includes extravagant details, large-scale ceiling paintings, and emphasis on light and shadow to create dramatic visual effects, reflecting the royal power and wealth of the era.
Prominent Danish Architects
Denmark has produced some of the world’s most influential architects. This section examines two of the most notable: Jørn Utzon and the Bjarke Ingels Group (BIG).
Jørn Utzon’s Contributions
Jørn Utzon is best known for designing the iconic Sydney Opera House in Australia, which showcases his innovative use of organic forms and bold structural elements.
His approach blends inspiration from natural elements with cutting-edge engineering.
Apart from the Sydney Opera House, Utzon made significant contributions to Danish architecture.
The Bagsværd Church near Copenhagen is one of his masterpieces in Denmark. The church is celebrated for its unique, wave-like roof that creates a serene atmosphere inside.
Utzon’s work has left a lasting impact on architectural design, emphasizing simplicity and functionality without sacrificing creativity. His legacy continues to inspire architects in Denmark and around the globe.
Bjarke Ingels Group (BIG)
The Bjarke Ingels Group, or BIG, has garnered international acclaim for its innovative, sustainable designs.
Founded by Bjarke Ingels in 2005, BIG has quickly become one of Denmark’s leading architecture firms.
BIG’s projects often defy traditional architectural norms.
For instance, the 8 House in Copenhagen blends housing, offices, and shops in a unique figure-eight shape, creating a vibrant community space.
Another notable project, the CopenHill Waste-to-Energy Plant, doubles as a ski slope and climbing wall, combining functionality with recreation.
The firm is also known for prioritizing sustainability.
Their designs often incorporate green roofs, renewable energy sources, and other eco-friendly features.
BIG’s influence extends beyond Denmark, with projects worldwide that continue to push the boundaries of modern architecture.