Minnesota is home to a fascinating array of architectural buildings that capture the state’s rich history and modern innovation.
From historic landmarks to contemporary masterpieces, these buildings reflect the diverse styles and design philosophies of architects who have left their mark on the region.
Discovering the 20 best architectural buildings in Minnesota provides a unique glimpse into the state’s cultural and architectural evolution. These structures not only serve functional purposes but also enhance the aesthetic and cultural landscape of Minnesota.
1. Walker Art Center
The Walker Art Center, in Minneapolis, Minnesota, is a leading contemporary art museum. It combines visual, performing, and media arts.
Founded in 1879, it grew from lumber baron T. B. Walker’s collection.
Today, it features artists like Andy Warhol, Jasper Johns, and Yoko Ono.
The museum, remodeled from 2001 to 2005 by Herzog & de Meuron, attracts around 700,000 visitors annually.
For more details, visit the Walker Art Center.
2. Guthrie Theater
The Guthrie Theater in Minneapolis, designed by French architect Jean Nouvel, is a stunning piece of modern architecture.
Known for its bold design, it features a striking blue facade and unique cantilevered bridge.
Located at 818 South 2nd Street, near the Mississippi River, the theater opened in 2006.
The building houses three unique theater spaces and state-of-the-art production facilities.
Inspired by the area’s 19th-century milling structures, the design reflects both the city’s industrial heritage and contemporary flair.
The Guthrie Theater is a must-see for architecture enthusiasts visiting Minnesota.
3. Weisman Art Museum
Designed by Frank Gehry, the Weisman Art Museum stands out with its eye-catching, stainless steel facade.
This unique building, situated on the University of Minnesota campus in Minneapolis, was completed in 1993.
The museum exhibits a wide variety of modern art. Its location on the Mississippi River banks provides stunning views, enhancing the dramatic architecture.
Visitors access the museum through a walkway that connects the university campus to the building.
The architectural design uses crisp angles and geometric forms to create an impressive visual statement.
For more information, visit the Weisman Art Museum.
4. Cathedral of Saint Paul
The Cathedral of Saint Paul, located in Saint Paul, Minnesota, is a landmark that stands out with its impressive architecture. It has been an important part of the city since it was envisioned by Archbishop John Ireland.
Designed by French architect Emmanuel Louis Masqueray, the Cathedral showcases Beaux-Arts architecture.
Its grand dome is one of the largest in the world, adding to its majestic presence.
In addition to its architectural beauty, the Cathedral of Saint Paul has a rich history dating back to the small log chapel of 1841, which played a foundational role in the region’s religious community.
5. Foshay Tower
The Foshay Tower is a significant architectural landmark in Minneapolis, Minnesota. Constructed between 1927 and 1929, it stands at 447 feet tall and has 32 floors.
Inspired by the Washington Monument, it was the tallest building in Minneapolis until 1973.
The tower is an Art-deco skyscraper designed by Magney & Tusler Architects.
Today, the building serves as the W Minneapolis – The Foshay hotel. It remains a symbol of economic development from the roaring twenties in the city’s history. More details can be found on MNopedia.
6. Mill City Museum
Mill City Museum is located in the ruins of the Washburn “A” Mill next to Mill Ruins Park on the banks of the Mississippi River in Minneapolis.
The museum, maintained by the Minnesota Historical Society, opened in 2003 and showcases the history of flour milling and the growth of Minneapolis.
The Washburn A Mill, once known as the world’s largest flour mill, survived a devastating fire in 1928. The structure now stands as a monument to Minneapolis’ industrial past.
For more on this historic site, visit the Minnesota Historical Society.
7. James J. Hill House
The James J. Hill House in St. Paul, Minnesota, was built by railroad magnate James J. Hill. This mansion, standing at 36,000 square feet, was once the largest private residence in Minnesota.
With 13 bathrooms, 22 fireplaces, and 16 chandeliers, it showcases Gilded Age luxury. The two-story, skylit art gallery and nearly 100-foot-long reception hall add to its grandeur.
The house is a prime example of Richardsonian Romanesque architecture and overlooks the Mississippi River. For more information, visit James J. Hill House.
8. Como Park Conservatory
The Como Park Conservatory in St. Paul is a gem of Victorian architecture. Opened on November 7, 1915, it is a well-maintained example of a classic greenhouse.
The conservatory, located in Como Park, remains a center for horticulture.
In 2002, it was renamed the Marjorie McNeely Conservatory after a generous donation.
The conservatory’s architecture is complemented by its diverse plant collections.
Visitors can explore the beautiful, fragrant, and rare plants in this historic setting.
9. Minneapolis City Hall
Minneapolis City Hall is an iconic building located in the heart of downtown Minneapolis. It was designed by architects Long and Kees, who are also known for other significant structures in the city.
Completed in 1906, the building is famous for its Richardsonian Romanesque architecture.
Its exterior is made of pink Ortonville granite, giving it a distinctive appearance.
Inside, the building features a marble staircase and a grand clock tower standing 345 feet tall. This clock tower is one of the largest in the world.
To learn more, visit the Minneapolis City Hall page on Ranker.
10. Minnesota State Capitol
The Minnesota State Capitol, located in Saint Paul, stands as a remarkable example of Beaux-Arts architecture.
Designed by Cass Gilbert, the building showcases an American Renaissance design influenced by the U.S. Capitol and the Library of Congress.
Constructed between 1895 and 1905, the structure is recognizable by its grand dome, which was inspired by Michelangelo’s design for St. Peter’s Basilica.
The Capitol features stunning art and historical exhibits, making it a prominent landmark worth visiting.
For more detailed information, visit the Minnesota Historical Society’s page on the State Capitol.
11. St. Mary’s Basilica
St. Mary’s Basilica, located in downtown Minneapolis, is a magnificent example of Beaux-Arts architecture.
Built between 1907 and 1915, it was the first basilica established in the United States.
The church’s grand design features impressive domes and intricate stained glass windows.
Visitors are often struck by the 108-foot high nave and the detailed marble altar.
St. Mary’s Basilica serves as a co-cathedral of the Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Saint Paul and Minneapolis, making it a significant religious site in Minnesota.
For more information, visit Basilica of Saint Mary.
12. Stone Arch Bridge
The Stone Arch Bridge in Minneapolis is a historic site spanning the Mississippi River. It was commissioned by railroad tycoon James J. Hill and completed in 1883.
Originally a railroad bridge, it is now a popular pedestrian and bicycle path.
This unique bridge is noted for its Romanesque Revival-style architecture and its use of native granite and limestone.
Spanning 2,100 feet, it connects the city’s past with its present in a visually stunning way.
The bridge remains a key landmark and offers picturesque views of Saint Anthony Falls and the Minneapolis skyline. More details can be found here.
13. St. Paul Union Depot
St. Paul Union Depot is a historic train station located in the Lowertown neighborhood of St. Paul, Minnesota.
Built in 1918, it showcases the work of architect Charles Sumner Frost and is notable for its grand design.
It is listed on the National Register of Historic Places and serves as a hub for various transit services, including light rail and Amtrak.
A major renovation completed in 2012 restored its architectural grandeur, making it a key landmark in Downtown St. Paul.
For detailed information, visit the Union Depot project page.
14. NorShor Theatre
The NorShor Theatre in downtown Duluth, Minnesota, is an iconic building with a rich history.
Built in 1910 as a vaudeville theater, it was initially called the Orpheum.
In the 1940s, it was converted into a movie house. The theater underwent a massive renovation, restoring its 1920 Art Deco glamor.
It now serves as a regional arts center with state-of-the-art production facilities. Learn more about the NorShor Theatre and its transformation.
15. Quarry Hill Nature Center
Quarry Hill Nature Center is an exceptional site in Rochester, Minnesota.
Known for its dedication to environmental education, it features interactive displays and exhibits showcasing local wildlife.
Opened in 1973, it includes a building with classrooms and a bird observation room.
Visitors can explore 8 miles of trails and enjoy a former working quarry and a 3-acre pond. Learn more about the Quarry Hill Nature Center.
16. Chase on the Lake Hotel
Chase on the Lake Hotel, located on Leech Lake in Walker, Minnesota, stands out with its charming architecture and lake views.
Built in 1922, it originally had 62 rooms, each with a view of the lake.
Guests can enjoy a variety of accommodations, from standard hotel rooms to multi-room condos.
The hotel is known for its modern amenities, including an indoor pool, full-service restaurant, and a spa.
For more information, visit the Chase on the Lake Resort & Spa website.
17. MN Landscape Arboretum
The MN Landscape Arboretum, located in Chaska, Minnesota, is part of the University of Minnesota’s College of Food, Agricultural and Natural Resource Sciences.
It spans 1,100 acres of gardens and natural areas.
One notable feature is the Tashjian Bee and Pollinator Discovery Center, awarded for sustainable design excellence. The center highlights effective ecosystem management.
The arboretum also offers various buildings and spaces dedicated to research and education.
Those visiting the arboretum can explore its wide range of gardens and plant collections.
18. American Swedish Institute
The American Swedish Institute is in the Phillips West neighborhood of Minneapolis.
It features the historic Turnblad Mansion, built for Swedish immigrants Swan and Christina Turnblad and their daughter Lillian.
Completed in 1908, the mansion showcases impressive architecture. Swan Turnblad was a prominent figure in the Swedish-American community.
The mansion and Carriage House have received several awards, including the Minnesota Chapter American Society of Landscape Architects Honor Award and the Partners in Preservation Award.
The American Swedish Institute continues to celebrate Swedish culture and heritage in Minnesota.
19. Turnblad Mansion
The Turnblad Mansion, located in Minneapolis, is a striking example of Beaux-Arts architecture. Built in 1908 for Swedish immigrant Swan Turnblad, this historic house stands on the grounds of the American Swedish Institute.
Its design features elements reminiscent of French Renaissance châteauesque style. Highlights include a towering turret, steep-pitched roof, and hand-carved gargoyles. The mansion’s impressive masonry work was completed by Ben Aronson, with cabinetry by the Aaron Carlson Company.
Today, it remains a key cultural landmark, attracting visitors interested in its architectural beauty and historical significance.
20. Pickwick Mill
Pickwick Mill, located near Winona, Minnesota, is an iconic gristmill constructed in the mid-1850s. The mill stands six stories tall and was built using local limestone. It served as a vital part of the community’s agriculture and industry.
The mill uses a large water wheel for power, showcasing original machinery over multiple floors. Today, it operates as a museum, offering self-guided tours and a gift shop. The scenic area around the mill includes trout fishing and picnic spots, making it a popular destination for visitors.
Architectural Styles in Minnesota
Minnesota showcases a variety of architectural styles, each reflective of different historical periods and cultural influences. The state’s landmarks include grand Gothic Revival churches, impressive Beaux-Arts buildings, and sleek Art Deco structures.
Gothic Revival
The Gothic Revival style is characterized by its pointed arches, ribbed vaults, and flying buttresses. These features draw on medieval Gothic architecture, creating a dramatic and spiritual effect.
In Minnesota, the Cathedral of St. Paul is a prime example. Completed in 1915, its grand façade and intricate detailing stand out. It features elaborate stained glass windows and tall spires that reach towards the sky, embodying the mystical elements of Gothic design.
Beaux-Arts
The Beaux-Arts style emphasizes classical Greek and Roman architecture, characterized by grandiose and symmetrical compositions.
Minnesota’s Minnesota State Capitol is a notable example. Its design includes a large dome, detailed sculptures, and grand stairways.
Built in the early 20th century, this style exudes elegance and grandeur, making it a central architectural highlight. The interiors often feature opulent materials like marble and gold leaf, enhancing the sense of luxury.
Art Deco
Art Deco buildings are known for their geometric shapes, rich colors, and detailed ornamentation. This style gained popularity in the 1920s and 1930s.
A key example in Minnesota is the Foshay Tower, modeled after the Washington Monument. Completed in 1929, its sleek, vertical lines and stylized decorative elements reflect the modernism of the era.
Art Deco buildings often incorporate materials like chrome and glass, giving them a distinct, futuristic look.
Influential Architects in Minnesota
Minnesota has been home to several influential architects who have shaped its architectural landscape. Among them, Cass Gilbert, Clarence Johnston, and Ralph Rapson stand out due to their significant contributions to various notable structures.
Cass Gilbert
Cass Gilbert was a pioneering architect known for his work on several iconic buildings in Minnesota. One of his most famous projects is the Minnesota State Capitol, completed in 1905.
Its grand dome and Beaux-Arts style exemplify his expertise in classical architecture. He also designed the Woolworth Building in New York City, which was the tallest building in the world at the time.
Gilbert’s influence extended beyond Minnesota, but his work in the state remains some of his most celebrated. His designs often feature detailed carvings and intricate stonework, reflecting his attention to detail and dedication to architectural excellence.
Clarence Johnston
Clarence Johnston was another key figure in Minnesota’s architectural history. He served as the state architect for many years and designed numerous public buildings.
One of his prominent works includes the Glensheen Historic Estate in Duluth. This mansion is a fine example of Jacobethan architecture, a blend of Jacobian and Elizabethan styles.
Johnston’s portfolio also includes several buildings at the University of Minnesota, showcasing his versatility in handling both residential and institutional projects. His architectural style often leaned towards traditional forms, but he was adaptable and innovative, making significant contributions to Minnesota’s architectural heritage.
Ralph Rapson
Ralph Rapson is recognized for his modernist approach to architecture. He was the Head of the School of Architecture at the University of Minnesota for 30 years.
One of his notable works is the Riverside Plaza in Minneapolis, originally known as Cedar Square West.
Riverside Plaza consists of six buildings and is a landmark example of urban housing design. Rapson’s work reflects his commitment to modernism and his belief in creating functional yet aesthetically pleasing living spaces.
His influence is seen in many residential and commercial buildings throughout the state, leaving a lasting impact on Minnesota’s urban landscape.