Montana is a state rich in history and natural beauty, which is reflected in its diverse architectural landscape.
From historic mansions to modern sustainable buildings, the architectural gems in Montana showcase a blend of tradition and innovation.
This article explores some of the finest architectural buildings across Montana, capturing the essence of the state’s unique charm.
Whether you’re an architecture enthusiast or a curious traveler, these buildings offer a glimpse into Montana’s architectural heritage and contemporary design prowess.
1. Cathedral of Saint Helena
The Cathedral of Saint Helena stands as a stunning example of Gothic Revival architecture in Helena, Montana.
Designed by architect A.O. Von Herbulis, it is modeled after the Votivkirche in Vienna, Austria.
The cathedral’s spires soar 230 feet above the street, making it a focal point of Helena’s skyline.
Construction began in 1908 and the first mass was held in November 1914.
Bishop John Patrick Carroll played a crucial role in raising funds for the building.
The cathedral is known for its beautiful stained glass windows, which were restored between 1982 and 1983.
2. Moss Mansion
Moss Mansion, located at 914 Division Street in Billings, Montana, is a remarkable red-stone mansion built in 1903 by Preston Boyd Moss and his wife, Martha Ursula Woodson Moss.
Designed by New York architect Henry Janeway Hardenbergh, who also designed the Waldorf Astoria, the mansion displays stunning architecture and craftsmanship.
The house features 25 rooms and has served as a home for the Moss family and a staff of three.
Today, it operates as a historic house museum, offering both self-paced and guided tours to visitors.
3. The Daly Mansion
The Daly Mansion is located in Hamilton, Montana, in the Bitterroot Valley.
This historic home once belonged to Marcus Daly, one of Montana’s famous “copper kings.”
He purchased the property in 1886, originally the Anthony Chaffin homestead, and remodeled it in 1897 to reflect a Queen Anne-style.
The mansion features over 50 rooms, which visitors can explore through guided tours.
It operates from June 6 until October 1. General admission fees apply, and the grounds are open from 9 AM to 5 PM.
To learn more, visit the Daly Mansion website.
4. The Wilma Theatre
The Wilma Theatre in Missoula, Montana, stands as an iconic part of the city’s cultural heritage.
Built in 1921 by William “Billy” Simons, the theatre was dedicated to his wife, Edna Wilma, a light opera artist.
Designed by architects Ole Bakke and H. E. Kirkemo, the Wilma features hallmarks of Sullivanesque architecture.
The steel-framed highrise is part of an eight-story complex in downtown Missoula.
The Wilma Theatre has hosted a variety of events, from movies to live performances. It remains a central hub for arts and entertainment in the region, reflecting both history and modern use.
5. St. Patrick’s Co-Cathedral
St. Patrick’s Co-Cathedral in Billings, Montana, is a prime example of Gothic Revival architecture.
Built in 1904 for $64,000, this structure was designed to accommodate the growing Catholic community.
The cathedral was established to replace St. Joachim’s, the first parish in Billings founded in 1887.
Located at 215 N 31st St, it holds a significant place in the city’s history and culture.
Today, St. Patrick’s Co-Cathedral continues to serve its community with regular Masses and events. It remains one of Billings’ most iconic buildings, drawing visitors for both its architectural beauty and historical importance.
6. The Marcus Daly Hotel
The Marcus Daly Hotel, located at 200 Main Street in Anaconda, Montana, was completed in 1888.
It cost $125,000 to build and was one of the most advanced and luxurious hotels in the Northwest at the time.
The hotel was designed to accommodate legislators, state and national dignitaries, and other prominent visitors.
The building’s intricate architecture and amenities reflect the vision of Marcus Daly, a key figure in the founding and development of Anaconda.
In 1954, Edison and Bell, Inc. of Kalispell, purchased the building.
To prevent its demolition in 1959, local citizens formed the Montana Hotel Corporation and renamed it the Marcus Daly Hotel. More information can be found here.
7. Paris Gibson Square Museum of Art
The Paris Gibson Square Museum of Art is located at 1400 First Avenue North in Great Falls, Montana.
Originally built in 1896, the building was first used as the city’s high school.
The museum, also known as PGSMoA, offers a wide range of art exhibitions and educational programs.
It provides free admission to visitors and hosts numerous events throughout the year.
Covering over 45,000 square feet, it occupies an entire city block near downtown. The museum’s distinct architecture makes it a notable landmark in Great Falls.
8. Maginnis Mansion
Maginnis Mansion is one of Helena’s architectural treasures.
This historic mansion showcases Victorian architecture with intricate woodwork and detailed craftsmanship.
Built in the late 1800s, it’s a testament to the wealth and elegance of that era.
The mansion was named after Granville Stuart, an influential figure in Montana’s history.
Visitors often admire its well-preserved interior, featuring antique furnishings and period decor. The mansion stands as a beautiful reminder of Montana’s architectural heritage.
9. The Anaconda Smelter Stack
The Anaconda Smelter Stack is an iconic landmark in Montana, reaching a height of 585 feet.
Constructed in 1918, it remains one of the tallest masonry structures in the world.
The brick chimney stands at 555 feet, supported by a concrete foundation 30 feet tall.
Visitors often compare its height to the Washington Monument’s 555 feet.
Located in Deer Lodge County, this structure was part of the Washoe Smelter, a key operation of the Anaconda Copper Mining Company. For more details, see Anaconda Smelter Stack.
10. The Morris H. Millett Opera House
The Morris H. Millett Opera House, also known as the Millett Opera House, is located in Austin, Texas.
Built in 1878 by local lumber seller Charles Millett, it was designed by Frederick Ruffini.
The building features 800 removable seats and 24-inch thick limestone walls.
The Austin Club has owned and maintained it since 1981, preserving its rich history and architecture.
This historic site was the second-largest enclosed space in Texas when it was completed.
It showcases a mix of rough-cut stone and finely detailed architectural elements. The building has hosted various significant events over the years. Learn more from the Wikipedia entry.
11. The Red Lodge Courthouse
The Red Lodge Courthouse, an architectural gem, was designed by Butte architect P. J. Donahue.
Constructed in 1899, it features classically proportioned designs that showcase restraint and elegance.
Situated at the busy northern end of the Red Lodge Commercial Historic District, this courthouse remains a striking landmark. Learn more about its history and significance by visiting the Historic Montana site.
Explore the surrounding area of Red Lodge, which is rich in historical architecture and charm.
12. The St. Ignatius Mission
The St. Ignatius Mission, located in St. Ignatius, Montana, is an iconic Catholic mission founded in 1854 by Jesuit priests Pierre-Jean De Smet and Adrian Hoecken.
The current mission church, built between 1891 and 1893, exemplifies Gothic Revival architecture.
The church’s interior features fifty-eight murals painted by Brother Carignano, a Jesuit Brother who served as the Mission’s cook.
Despite not having professional training, he completed these stunning artworks in 1904-1905.
This beautifully preserved mission is listed on the National Register of Historic Places and is a testament to Montana’s rich architectural history.
13. Yellowstone Art Museum Building
The Yellowstone Art Museum is housed in a historic building that once was the Yellowstone County Jail, adding to its unique charm.
Founded in 1964, the museum has expanded to include two main buildings.
The main building features galleries with art from Montana and the Midwest.
The Visible Vault, a special art storage facility, is also accessible to the public and is one of the few of its kind in the country.
For more information, visit the Yellowstone Art Museum or Discovering Montana.
14. Washington School
Washington School, located in Butte, Montana, stands as a significant piece of the area’s educational history.
This historic building showcases classic architectural elements typical of early 20th-century school designs.
The brick facade and symmetrical windows reflect the era’s emphasis on durability and functionality.
Today, Washington School continues to be a landmark, representing both the educational and architectural heritage of Montana.
15. The Eastman House
The Eastman House, once the home of George Eastman, the founder of Eastman Kodak, is a landmark in Montana.
Built between 1902 and 1932, its design was by architect J. Foster Warner and landscape architect Alling DeForest.
The estate encompasses 8.5 acres of gardens, lawns, greenhouses, and an orchard.
The house stands as a prominent example of the Country Place Era design. Its historical charm and well-preserved architecture make it a must-see for visitors. More about the Eastman House can be read here.
16. Brewery Flats B Building
Brewery Flats B Building offers a unique blend of historic charm and modern amenities.
The building underwent extensive renovations to become a state-of-the-art brewery and a versatile rental space for various events.
It features a cozy bedroom with a “therapedic” mattress, and the living room includes a comfortable Air-Over-Coil sofa sleeper.
Ideal for bird watching, the building is located near a Birding Platform accessible via Round House Road. This makes it a popular destination for nature enthusiasts. The surrounding area showcases the rich natural beauty of Montana’s landscape.
For more information, visit Brewery Flats.
17. Broadwater Hotel
The Broadwater Hotel and Natatorium was built in 1888-89 near Helena, Montana. It showcased the wealth and progressiveness of the time.
Designed in the Moorish Spanish architectural style, it featured luxurious Victorian elements like stained glass windows and oriental carpets.
Located a few miles from Helena, this hotel quickly became a key recreational spot for locals. To learn more, visit the Helena History site.
18. Senator Clark Mansion
The Senator Clark Mansion, also known as the Copper King Mansion, is an architectural gem in Butte, Montana.
Built between 1884 and 1888, this 34-room residence showcases Romanesque Revival Victorian architecture.
The mansion features fresco-painted ceilings and lavish woodwork, reflecting the opulent lifestyle of its original owner, William Andrews Clark, one of Montana’s famous Copper Kings.
Its design is a classic example of Queen Anne styling, complete with arched windows and intricate porticos. You can read more about this mansion here.
19. The Grant-Kohrs Ranch House
The Grant-Kohrs Ranch House, located in Deer Lodge, Montana, stands as a symbol of the cattle ranching history in the American West. It was built by Johnny Grant in 1862.
Johnny Grant sold the property to Conrad Kohrs, who expanded the ranch into a significant cattle operation. The house itself is a spacious, two-story home that showcases the lives of its original Métis residents.
Visitors can explore various historic buildings, including the Thoroughbred Barn built in 1883. The ranch remains a working cattle operation.
20. The Ravalli County Courthouse
The Ravalli County Courthouse, located in Hamilton, Montana, was built in 1900. This historic building features Classical Revival and Romanesque architecture and is recognized for its well-preserved structure.
It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1979. Previously used as a courthouse, it now serves as a museum, offering unique historical exhibits and collections.
When Ravalli County was created in 1893, Stevensville was initially the county seat. Due to the growth and influence of Hamilton, it became the county seat in 1898. Find more about the courthouse at Ravalli County Courthouse.
Architectural Styles in Montana
Montana’s architecture presents a unique blend of styles, borrowing from Native American influences and Victorian elements. These styles highlight the rich cultural and historical tapestry of the state.
Influences of Native American Architecture
Architecture in Montana often draws from Native American traditions. Tipis and earth lodges, used by tribes such as the Blackfeet and Crow, inspire modern designs.
These structures are known for their functionality and sustainability. Materials such as wood, stone, and clay are preferred. They blend seamlessly with the landscape while offering durability and natural insulation.
Roofs often have steep pitches to handle snow loads, reflecting the practical needs of the region.
Contemporary architects incorporate these elements to create homes that respect the land and its history. Large windows and open spaces are common, allowing for natural light and views of the surroundings.
Victorian Style Buildings
Victorian architecture is another key element in Montana. This style features intricate woodwork, ornate detailing, and asymmetrical facades.
A prime example is the Queen Anne Style mansion with its beautiful wrap-around porch.
Victorian homes in Montana often include towers or turrets, large bay windows, and decorative trims. These features showcase the craftsmanship and elegance of the era.
Additionally, the use of bold colors and patterns adds to the visual appeal.
Many Victorian buildings serve as historical landmarks, preserving the architectural heritage. They offer a glimpse into the past while continuing to influence modern design practices.
Impact of Geography on Architectural Designs
Geographical features and climate conditions in Montana significantly influence the architectural designs. From mountainous terrains to harsh weather, these factors dictate building styles and materials.
Mountainous Region Structures
In Montana’s mountainous regions, building designs often incorporate slope-friendly structures.
Architects must consider the steep inclines and rocky foundations typical of these areas. To stabilize buildings on slopes, designers use terraced foundations. This approach helps prevent landslides and provides a level base.
Materials like stone and wood are preferred because they blend with the natural surroundings and offer durability.
Additionally, large windows are prevalent. These windows offer stunning views of the mountains and improve natural lighting.
A-frame cabins and log homes are common architectural styles. They provide both aesthetic appeal and practical benefits such as efficient snow shedding from roofs.
Adaptations to Harsh Weather Conditions
Montana experiences harsh weather, with cold winters and heavy snowfall. Buildings must be designed to withstand these conditions.
Insulation is key to maintaining warm interiors. Double or triple-glazed windows are common to minimize heat loss.
Roofs are typically steeply pitched to prevent snow accumulation and reduce the risk of collapse.
Materials like cedar and redwood are used because they are resistant to moisture and decay.
Metal roofing is also popular due to its durability against snow and ice.
Heating systems in these structures often include fireplaces and wood stoves. These not only provide warmth but also add a rustic charm to the interiors.
Proper ventilation systems are crucial to avoid buildup of condensation and maintain air quality.
Historical Significance of Montana’s Architecture
Montana’s architecture reflects its rich history and cultural heritage. This section covers how historic buildings are preserved and how architecture shapes the state’s cultural identity.
Preservation of Historic Buildings
The preservation of historic buildings in Montana is crucial for maintaining the state’s cultural legacy.
Many structures, such as the Fort Connah Site, date back to the 19th century and are significant nationwide.
Preservation efforts ensure these buildings remain intact and accessible for future generations.
Local organizations, including the Montana Historical Society, play a key role in safeguarding these landmarks.
They provide resources and support for restoration projects, allowing communities to maintain important historical sites.
The National Register of Historic Places includes many Montana buildings, recognizing their importance and offering them additional protections.
Role of Architecture in Montana’s Cultural Heritage
Architecture in Montana is a testament to its diverse cultural influences and historical events. The state’s buildings range from grand mansions to humble chapels, each telling a unique story.
For instance, the Copper King Mansion in Butte showcases opulent Victorian design, reflecting the wealth of the mining era.
Buildings like the St. Mary’s Mission also highlight religious and cultural influences. These structures contribute to a shared cultural identity, connecting residents with their past and preserving their history.
Architectural diversity supports tourism, educating visitors about Montana’s rich heritage and encouraging the conservation of these unique assets.