Northern Cyprus is home to a unique blend of architectural marvels that reveal the island’s rich history and cultural influences.
From medieval fortifications to contemporary structures, this region offers a diverse array of buildings that showcase various architectural styles.
Exploring these iconic structures provides insight into the historical and modern influences that have shaped Northern Cyprus.
Whether you’re an architecture enthusiast or simply curious about the region, this guide highlights some of the most remarkable buildings that you shouldn’t miss.
1. Selimiye Mosque
The Selimiye Mosque, located in North Nicosia, is one of the most notable landmarks in Cyprus. Originally the Cathedral of Saint Sophia, it was converted into a mosque after the Ottoman conquest.
This architectural wonder is famous for its four identical minarets. Each minaret stands 83 meters high, making them among the tallest Ottoman minarets ever constructed.
The mosque’s dome and spacious interior illustrate the grandeur of Ottoman architecture. The Selimiye Mosque is a key historical and cultural site on the island.
Learn more about the Selimiye Mosque.
2. Bellapais Abbey
Bellapais Abbey is a stunning example of Gothic architecture in Northern Cyprus. Located near Kyrenia, this historic monastery was established in the 13th century by Augustinian monks. The abbey is perched on the slopes of the Kyrenia Mountains and offers breathtaking views of the Mediterranean Sea.
The rose window, with its beautiful stained glass from the 14th century, is a standout feature of the abbey. The mix of Gothic and Byzantine styles is visible in the intricate carvings and ornate decorations that adorn its walls.
Visitors can explore the peaceful grounds and marvel at the grandeur of this ancient structure. Its elevated position, at 220 meters above sea level, provides a long view down to Kyrenia, making it a favored spot for both tourists and locals.
The village of Bellapais itself is also worth a visit with its charming cafes, restaurants, and tourist shops, further enhancing the experience of visiting this remarkable site. More details about Bellapais Abbey can be found here.
3. St. Hilarion Castle
St. Hilarion Castle is located in Northern Cyprus, nestled in the Kyrenia mountain range. It is known for its stunning views and historical significance.
The castle was originally a monastery built in the 10th century by the Byzantines. It was named after a monk, St. Hilarion, who fled persecution and lived in a nearby cave.
Visitors are often struck by the castle’s medieval architecture, which blends military and religious elements. Its strategic position provided a lookout to defend against attacks.
St. Hilarion Castle has legendary tales, including those of Bulgarian mercenaries who met a tragic fate. It remains one of the most well-preserved castles in the region, offering a glimpse into Cyprus’s rich history.
4. Kyrenia Castle
Kyrenia Castle, located at the east end of Kyrenia harbor, is a striking example of 16th-century Venetian architecture. Its origins trace back to a Crusader fortification. Over centuries, it has seen various occupiers and architectural modifications.
Inside its walls, visitors can find a twelfth-century chapel. The chapel showcases reused late Roman capitals. The Shipwreck Museum is also housed within the castle, featuring one of the world’s oldest recorded shipwrecks.
In 1965, divers discovered a shipwreck off the coast of Northern Cyprus. This ancient ship dates back to 300 BC. The vessel carried cargo like amphorae filled with almonds and wine. This remarkable find adds historical depth to Kyrenia Castle’s already rich heritage.
5. Salamis Ruins
Salamis Ruins, located in North Cyprus, is an ancient city dating back to 1000 BC. This historical site features landmarks like a sports stadium, swimming pools, public baths, an amphitheater, and a temple dedicated to Zeus.
The city experienced multiple natural disasters, including major earthquakes in 76-77 AD and damage from a Jewish uprising. Today, visitors can still see remnants of its rich past despite these challenges.
Initially founded by the inhabitants of Enkomi around 1100 BC, Salamis later came under Persian control in 525 BC. The city covers an area of almost one square mile, stretching along the coast and inland. Significant portions of the site remain unexcavated, adding to its allure.
Exploring Salamis requires comfortable shoes and a full day to appreciate its extensive history and well-preserved ruins. It offers a unique glimpse into ancient civilizations that once thrived in Cyprus.
6. Famagusta Walled City
The Famagusta Walled City is a significant site in Northern Cyprus. It features remarkable medieval fortifications built in the 14th century by the Lusignan Kingdom of Cyprus. These walls were later redesigned in the 15th and 16th centuries by the Republic of Venice.
The walled city is known for its thick sandstone construction and its layout around the historic center of Famagusta. This fortified city is an excellent example of medieval architecture and engineering.
Inside the walled city, visitors can find the best-preserved late Gothic church architecture in the Eastern Mediterranean. Many of these churches were repurposed into mosques, making the site rich in cultural history.
The Famagusta Walled City is also recognized on the World Monuments Watch list for its extraordinary architecture and historical significance. This honor underscores its importance as a heritage site worth preserving and visiting.
7. St. Barnabas Monastery
St. Barnabas Monastery, located near the village of Tuzla, is one of Northern Cyprus’s most important historical sites. This monastery dates back to the late fifth century. The original church was established with funds from the Byzantine emperor.
The site features a church that now serves as the St. Barnabas Icon Museum. Here, visitors can find a stunning collection of Cypriot artifacts, some dating back to the 7th century BC. The monastery also has an archaeological museum within its convent buildings.
The courtyard of the monastery houses a cafe and a souvenir shop, providing a pleasant spot for visitors to relax. The tomb of St. Barnabas, discovered in 480 AD, is a key attraction within the chapel. This discovery was famously guided by a dream experienced by Bishop Anthemios.
8. Kantara Castle
Kantara Castle stands majestically in Northern Cyprus, located in the Five Finger Mountains. It is 2,068 feet above sea level, commanding views of the Mesaoria Plains and Karpaz Peninsula.
Originally built around the year 900, its exact construction date remains undetermined, believed to be from the Byzantine period. Richard the Lionheart “acquired” the castle in 1191, adding to its historical significance.
The castle combines elements of Byzantine and Frankish architecture. Notably, it went derelict in 1525 and was later dismantled in 1560. With its strategic position, it was likely built to protect the coastline from Arab raids during the 7th century.
For more detailed information about its history, you can visit this page.
9. Chrysokava Church
Chrysokava Church, also known as the Church of St Mavra, is nestled within a rock-cut Roman tomb in Kyrenia. This unique setting adds to its charm and historical interest.
The church houses rare 10th-century frescoes on the rock face. These frescoes depict the Apostles at the Ascension, making it a must-see for art and history enthusiasts.
Nearby, the medieval church of Agia Aekaterini can also be found. This single-roomed, arched church dates back to the 15th century, providing additional historical context to the area.
For more details, visit Kyrenia Municipality and Cyprus44.
10. Vouni Palace
Vouni Palace stands 250 meters above sea level, offering a commanding view of the bay of Güzelyurt and the Troodos Mountains. Built around 480 BC by the pro-Persian King of Marion, this historical site aimed to control the pro-Athenian citizens of nearby Soli.
The palace features an elaborate layout with multiple terraces on the hillside. Archaeological digs have unveiled four distinct construction phases. Never serving as a purely residential palace, this structure primarily functioned as a military outpost.
Significant architectural changes occurred when the Greeks took control around 450-440 BC, adding unique elements to its design. Notably, the site contains a pear-shaped stone believed to have supported a windlass, a machine for raising weights.
The ruins of Vouni Palace are not only a historical treasure but also provide breathtaking views perfect for any visitor interested in both history and scenery. For further details, you can visit Visit North Cyprus.
11. Apostolos Andreas Monastery
Apostolos Andreas Monastery is located in the northeast of Cyprus, near Cape Apostolos Andreas in Rizokarpaso. This significant Orthodox Christian site is dedicated to Saint Andrew.
The monastery includes a small chapel from the 15th century. Known for its healing waters, the chapel draws both locals and visitors. The monastery has been an important stop for pilgrims traveling to the Holy Land.
In the early 20th century, the monastery was one of Cyprus’s wealthiest and most famous. After 1974, when Northern Cyprus became occupied territory, the number of pilgrims visiting decreased. Despite this, it remains a key religious and historical site in the region.
Discover more about this spiritual landmark here.
12. Buyukkonuk Village
Buyukkonuk Village, also known as Komi Kebir, is located in the lowland foothills of the Beşparmak mountain range in North Cyprus. This village lies about 6 kilometers northeast of Boğaz and serves as a gateway to the Karpaz Peninsula.
Buyukkonuk is recognized as an eco-village. The village preserves local culture in an environmentally sensitive way. Traditional adobe and stone houses with courtyards and arches are common here.
The village is also listed among internationally known eco-villages due to its efforts in promoting sustainable tourism. This approach helps maintain the area’s natural beauty while supporting local traditions and crafts.
13. Vrysi Neolithic Site
Vrysi Neolithic Site is an important archaeological location in Northern Cyprus. This small settlement near Kyrenia dates back to between 4000 and 3000 BC. Excavations were conducted from 1969 to 1973 by teams from the University of Glasgow.
This site includes at least 15 stone houses. These structures were built by settlers from the Anatolian region called Kilikya. The settlement provides valuable insights into early Neolithic life in the Mediterranean.
Vrysi Neolithic Site is also known as Aghios Epiktitos Vrysi. It is located approximately 9 kilometers east of Kyrenia on a cliff that is 9 to 10 meters high. The area covers over 600 square meters. Visitors can explore the remnants of this ancient community.
For more detailed information, visit Cyprus44’s guide on Vrysi.
14. Antiphonitis Church
Antiphonitis Church is an important historical site located in the Kyrenia mountains of Northern Cyprus. This domed structure is near the village of Kalograia and offers beautiful views over the North Cyprus coast.
Built in the 12th century, the church served as part of a former monastery. Its remarkable architecture includes a unique eight-pillared central dome.
Visitors can also see frescoes and other intricate designs inside.
Originally dedicated to the Virgin Mary, the church was a significant religious center. It experienced various additions and renovations during the Lusignan Period, which contributed to its current form.
For further information, you can visit Lonely Planet or Wikipedia.
15. Othello Tower
Othello Tower is a historical landmark in Famagusta, Northern Cyprus. Built in the 14th century by the Lusignans, it features a central oblong courtyard and a square tower at each corner.
The tower is famous for its connection to Shakespeare’s play, “The Tragedy of Othello.” The playwright set the story in a Cyprus harbor town, drawing inspiration from this castle.
Restored in 2014, the tower reopened in 2015. Visitors now enjoy its spectacular architecture and views.
The ground floor includes kitchens, a great hall, storerooms, and servants’ quarters, with reception rooms and bedrooms on the second floor.
For more information, visit Othello’s Tower.
16. Hazreti Omer Mosque
The Hazreti Omer Mosque is located on a rocky headland near Kyrenia, offering stunning views of the North Cyprus coastline and the Mediterranean Sea. This small mosque and tomb complex is the final resting place of a seventh-century commander named Omer and his six fellow warriors.
The mosque is a peaceful and picturesque site, with the waves almost lapping at its base.
The atmosphere is serene, making it a must-visit for those interested in historical and religious sites.
Visitors can appreciate the blend of natural beauty and historical significance.
The surrounding area adds to the charm, featuring spectacular views of the Five Finger Mountains and the Mediterranean’s foamy waves.
This setting makes it a unique and memorable location for visitors exploring the rich history and architectural heritage of Northern Cyprus. For more details, visit the Hz. Omer Tomb page.
17. Sourp Magar Monastery
Sourp Magar Monastery is an Armenian monastery located in the Pentadaktylos mountains in Northern Cyprus. It stands at 530 meters above sea level and is about 3 km from the Halevga Forest Station.
This monastery dates back to the 15th century and was a popular resting place for Armenian pilgrims traveling to the Holy Land. The Armenian community from Nicosia used it as a summer retreat.
The quiet surroundings of Sourp Magar provided a haven for clergymen and laymen. It also had full-time residents who looked after the buildings and ran the monastery’s functions.
Restoration work took place in 1735 and 1814.
The name “Sourp Magar” refers to Saint Makarios, and the site is sometimes called the Monastery of the Virgin Mary. The monastery’s historic significance and serene location make it a notable architectural site in Northern Cyprus.
Learn more about Sourp Magar Monastery here.
18. Archangelos Michael Church
Archangelos Michael Church stands as an architectural gem in Northern Cyprus. Located in Kyrenia, this 19th-century Greek church is easily recognized by its tall white bell tower that towers over the Kyrenia harborside.
Today, the church serves as a museum. It houses an impressive collection of icons from the 18th and 19th centuries, collected from various Orthodox churches in North Cyprus.
The blend of religious significance and historical art makes this site a must-visit for anyone interested in Cypriot culture. Learn more about the Archangelos Michael Church.
19. Kumarcilar Han
Kumarcilar Han, also known as Gambler’s Inn, is located in North Nicosia, Northern Cyprus.
This caravansarai dates back to the late 17th century. It features 52 rooms on two floors, which were once used for storing merchant goods.
After its restoration in 2016, Kumarcilar Han now hosts cafes and local craft shops in its courtyard.
While not as large as the nearby Büyük Han, Kumarcilar Han still offers a unique historic atmosphere worth exploring.
For more information, visit Kumarcilar Han on Wikipedia.
20. Bedesten
Bedesten is a remarkable historical building in the Selimiye quarter of North Nicosia, near the Selimiye Mosque. Originally built as a small Byzantine chapel in the 6th century, it underwent significant transformations over the centuries.
In the 12th century, it was expanded and rededicated as St. Nicholas Church. The building showcases a mix of architectural styles reflecting its diverse past. Today, it stands as a testimonial to Cyprus’s rich history and culture.
For more information, you can visit the Lonely Planet page on Bedesten.
Historical Context
Northern Cyprus is a unique blend of ancient and colonial influences, showcasing a variety of architectural styles that reflect its complex history.
Ancient Influences
The region’s history dates back to ancient civilizations like the Greeks and Romans.
One significant structure is the Salamis Ruins near Famagusta. This ancient city has remains of gymnasiums, forums, and bathhouses that show Roman architectural prowess.
The famed Gothic Bellapais Abbey also stands as a testament to this era, with its pointed arches and elaborate stone carvings.
The ancient city of Kyrenia houses an iconic castle that has stood since the 7th century, built to defend against Arab raids.
These ancient structures not only serve as historical markers but also highlight the architectural advancements of their times.
Colonial Era
The influence of colonial rule is evident in many buildings across Northern Cyprus.
The Venetian Walls of Nicosia epitomize this era with their massive fortifications and bastions. Built in the 16th century, they were designed to protect the city from Ottoman attacks.
The Lala Mustafa Pasha Mosque in Famagusta, originally a Gothic cathedral, was converted by the Ottomans in the 16th century.
The British colonial architecture from the late 19th and early 20th centuries also left a mark, with buildings like the Cyprus Museum in Nicosia showcasing neoclassical design.
These structures provide a tangible link to the region’s colonial past and continue to influence the architectural landscape today.
Architectural Styles
Northern Cyprus features an array of architectural styles, from historic Ottoman designs to contemporary modern developments, reflecting its rich cultural heritage and evolving urban landscape.
Ottoman Architecture
Ottoman architecture in Northern Cyprus is distinguished by its use of arches, domes, and intricate tile work. Many historic mosques, baths, and public buildings showcase these features.
The Büyük Han in Nicosia, one of the most significant Ottoman structures, exemplifies classic Ottoman architecture with its central courtyard and surrounding rooms.
The Selimiye Mosque, originally a Gothic cathedral, showcases a blend of Gothic and Ottoman styles.
Courtyards, fountains, and gardens are often integral to these buildings, reflecting the Ottoman appreciation for communal and serene spaces.
Traditional materials like stone and wood are commonly used, enhancing the historic atmosphere.
Modern Developments
In recent years, modern architectural developments in Northern Cyprus have introduced new materials and innovative designs while retaining elements of local tradition.
Many contemporary villas and city houses integrate classic Mediterranean styles with modern technology.
These buildings often feature large windows, open floor plans, and minimalistic lines.
Use of concrete and glass is prevalent, providing a sleek and modern appearance.
Architects in Northern Cyprus are increasingly exploring sustainable design practices.
This includes energy-efficient homes and buildings that harmonize with the natural landscape.
Modern aesthetics are being reinterpreted, ensuring that new constructions still respect the historical and cultural context of the region.
Preservation and Restoration
Preservation and restoration of architectural buildings in Northern Cyprus play a crucial role in maintaining cultural heritage. These efforts come with several challenges, yet notable projects highlight the progress made.
Challenges Faced
In Northern Cyprus, preservation faces multiple challenges.
Political instability in the region complicates efforts, making coordination difficult. Funding shortages limit the scope and speed of restoration work.
Additionally, environmental factors like humidity and salt air cause rapid deterioration of historical structures.
Lack of skilled labor in traditional restoration techniques further hampers efforts.
Attempts to modernize old buildings often clash with historical preservation goals. Regulation inconsistencies lead to fragmented restoration policies.
These challenges necessitate careful planning and international collaboration to effectively preserve these invaluable structures.
Notable Projects
Several notable restoration projects have been successfully completed in Northern Cyprus.
The Famagusta Walls, medieval fortifications redesigned by the Venetians, stand as a testament to the island’s rich history.
Restoration of these walls involved not just structural repairs but also conservation of the unique architecture.
Another example is the re-functioned monastery buildings, where detailed restoration works included cleaning and conserving 58 icons.
Restoration works also involved restoring fountains, chapels, and surrounding landscapes. These efforts transformed the site into a functional and historical treasure.
Restoration of walled Nicosia included buildings from the British colonial period.
Historic marketplaces like Bandabulia were carefully restored, enhancing their cultural significance while providing a glimpse into the past.
These projects illustrate the dedication and expertise applied to preserving Northern Cyprus’s architectural heritage.