Vermont is known for its stunning landscapes and charming small towns, but its architectural heritage is equally impressive.
From historic structures to modern masterpieces, the state boasts a wide variety of buildings that reflect its rich history and cultural diversity. These buildings not only stand as testaments to architectural innovation but also contribute to Vermont’s unique character and identity.
What are the must-see architectural buildings in Vermont that highlight its heritage and design excellence? This article explores some of the most noteworthy and visually striking buildings in the state, offering readers a chance to appreciate the blend of styles and structures that define Vermont’s architectural landscape.
1. Shelburne Farms
Shelburne Farms, located in northern Vermont, is a prominent example of Gilded Age architecture and landscape design.
Created by railroad magnate William Seward Webb and socialite Eliza Osgood Vanderbilt, the estate covers 1,400 acres.
The estate includes the grand Shelburne Farms Inn, numerous historic buildings, and one of the largest barns in the country.
Designed by architect Robert H. Robertson, the site also features landscaping by Frederick Law Olmsted, renowned for Central Park.
Explore more about its architecture and history here.
2. The Inn at Shelburne Farms
The Inn at Shelburne Farms is a stunning example of Colonial Revival style architecture.
Originally the 19th-century home of Dr. William Seward and Lila Vanderbilt Webb, the inn retains its historic charm.
Located at 1611 Harbor Road in Shelburne, Vermont, the inn features 24 guest rooms with original furnishings.
Open seasonally from mid-May to mid-October, it offers guests a unique stay immersed in history and beauty.
Learn more about the inn here.
3. Hildene, The Lincoln Family Home
Hildene, located in Manchester, Vermont, is the historic home of Robert and Mary Lincoln.
Robert, the son of Abraham Lincoln, built this beautiful estate in 1905.
Visitors can explore the 412-acre property, which features gardens, meadows, and wetlands. The estate also includes historic buildings such as Robert’s home and a restored carriage barn.
Hildene is not only known for its architecture but also its stunning views of the Taconic and Green Mountains. A trip to Hildene offers a unique look into the Lincoln family’s life and legacy.
More information can be found here.
4. The Round Church
The Round Church, also known as the Old Round Church, is located in Richmond, Vermont. It was built between 1812 and 1813.
This unique structure is famous for its sixteen-sided design.
The building serves as a historic meeting house and a place of worship. Its round shape makes it stand out among other churches in the area. The Round Church is likely the only remaining example of its kind in North America.
For more information, visit the Round Church page.
5. Chimney Point State Historic Site
Chimney Point State Historic Site sits on a small peninsula in Addison, Vermont. It overlooks Lake Champlain and showcases the region’s rich history.
The site includes a well-preserved 1785 tavern with impressive views. Visitors can explore exhibits detailing the interactions of Native Americans, French colonists, and early Americans.
Events such as the annual Northeast Open Atlatl Championship draw enthusiasts and history buffs to Chimney Point. Learn more about Chimney Point at the Vermont State Historic Sites.
6. State House, Montpelier
The Vermont State House in Montpelier is a prime example of Greek Revival architecture.
This building, completed in 1859, stands out with its gold-leaf dome, which can be seen from afar.
Inside, intricate woodwork and paintings adorn the space. It’s one of the best-preserved state capitols in the nation. The Vermont State House remains a significant icon in Montpelier, the smallest capital city in America.
For more information, visit the Vermont State House website or check out its Wikipedia page.
7. Fort Dummer State Park
Fort Dummer State Park spans 217 acres of forest in Brattleboro, Guilford, and Vernon. It commemorates Fort Dummer, Vermont’s first permanent European settlement.
The park offers 50 tent/RV sites and 10 lean-to sites for camping.
Visitors can explore hiking trails and enjoy scenic views. Pets are welcome throughout the park as long as owners clean up after them.
A granite monument within the park marks the historical significance of Fort Dummer. The original site was flooded by the Vernon Dam in 1908, but the park continues to honor its legacy.
8. Rock of Ages Granite Quarry
The Rock of Ages Granite Quarry is located in Barre, Vermont, and is one of the largest granite quarries in the world.
Visitors to the Rock of Ages can tour the deep-hole dimension quarry and learn about the granite extraction process.
The quarry is also known for producing BLUE GRAY™ granite, a stone prized for its fine grain and weather resistance. The visitor center features photography, video exhibits, and a gift shop.
9. Wilson Castle
Wilson Castle is a standout example of 19th-century architecture located in Proctor, Vermont.
Built in 1885, it showcases a mix of architectural styles including Dutch neo-renaissance, Scottish baronial, Queen Anne, and Romanesque Revival.
The castle, set on a 115-acre estate, features 32 rooms, each with its own unique theme and style. It offers stunning views of the surrounding mountains and countryside. Visitors can enjoy tours and events held at the castle. For more details, visit Wilson Castle – Wikipedia.
10. Old Round Church
The Old Round Church in Richmond, Vermont, is a remarkable structure built in 1812-1813.
This unique building stands out with its 16-sided design. Constructed under the guidance of William Rhodes, a local craftsman, it served as a town meeting hall and place of worship.
With a diameter of 50 feet, the church appears more round inside than its exterior suggests. It remains an important example of early American architecture, showcasing ingenuity and community spirit.
Learn more about the Old Round Church on the Wikipedia page.
11. Lake Champlain Maritime Museum
Located in Vergennes, Vermont, the Lake Champlain Maritime Museum offers a unique glimpse into the maritime history of the region.
The museum has exhibits both on land and underwater, showcasing historic boats and shipwrecks found in Lake Champlain.
Visitors can explore blacksmithing spaces, a boat shop, and an archaeology lab.
The museum is home to one of New England’s largest blacksmith shops and offers hands-on experiences with nautical crafts and skills.
12. St. Johnsbury Athenaeum
The St. Johnsbury Athenaeum, located in St. Johnsbury, Vermont, is a remarkable blend of a library and art gallery.
Established in 1871, this stunning building was funded by Horace Fairbanks, a notable businessman and former governor of Vermont.
The Athenaeum stands out for its impressive architecture. It is situated on Main Street and is one of Vermont’s earliest Second Empire public buildings. It has also earned the designation of a National Historic Landmark. The building is a timeless treasure, preserving its 19th-century charm. Visitors are often captivated by its beautiful American landscape paintings and extensive book collections.
Learn more about the St. Johnsbury Athenaeum.
13. Bread and Puppet Theater
Bread and Puppet Theater, founded in the 1960s by Peter and Elka Schumann, is located in Glover, Vermont.
Known for its politically radical performances, it has become an iconic symbol of activist theater.
The theater operates out of a 140-year-old barn, which also houses the Bread and Puppet Museum. This unique venue preserves puppets, masks, paintings, and graphics created over the years.
During the Vietnam War, the theater gained fame for its large-scale processions and pageants. Today, it continues to captivate audiences with its powerful messages and artistic expression.
14. Brattleboro Museum and Art Center
The Brattleboro Museum and Art Center (BMAC) was founded in 1972. It is housed in the former Central Vermont & Boston & Maine Union Station building in downtown Brattleboro.
BMAC is a non-collecting museum that showcases new exhibits each season by regional and international artists. Its goal is to inspire, educate, and engage visitors of all ages.
The museum hosts numerous public events, education programs, and workshops.
These activities include family art-making sessions and live local music. BMAC plays a vital role in Brattleboro’s vibrant cultural scene.
15. Vermont State House
The Vermont State House in Montpelier stands as a prime example of Greek Revival architecture.
Built in 1859, it features a striking gold-leaf dome that is easily visible from a distance.
The building was designed by Thomas Silloway and replaced earlier structures that occupied the same site. Intricate paintings and woodwork adorn its interior, highlighting its historic significance.
Visitors can tour the State House, which is home to the Vermont General Assembly. It’s open to the public during weekdays, offering a glimpse into the state’s legislative process and architectural beauty. More details can be found here.
16. The Joseph Smith Monument
The Joseph Smith Monument is a granite obelisk located in South Royalton, Vermont.
Erected by The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints in 1905, it marks the birthplace of Joseph Smith, the church’s founding prophet.
The 50-foot tall monument is situated on a hill, offering scenic views of the White River Valley. It is surrounded by beautifully landscaped grounds, making it a peaceful place for reflection and learning.
During the holiday season, the monument hosts a spectacular display of over 200,000 lights, adding a festive glow to the historical landmark.
17. President Calvin Coolidge State Historic Site
The President Calvin Coolidge State Historic Site is located in Plymouth Notch, Vermont. This site is where Calvin Coolidge, the 30th President of the United States, was born and raised.
Visitors can explore the Coolidge Homestead, where Coolidge took the presidential oath of office.
The 600-acre site offers a unique glimpse into the life of one of America’s early leaders. It features historic buildings, artifacts, and beautiful landscapes. Learn more about the site at the Coolidge Foundation.
18. Marsh-Billings-Rockefeller National Historical Park
Marsh-Billings-Rockefeller National Historical Park is in Woodstock, Vermont.
The park features beautiful landscapes, including sugar maples and 400-year-old hemlocks. Visitors can walk across covered bridges and stone walls.
The George Perkins Marsh Boyhood Home is located here. This home is historically significant as it represents important early environmental thinking.
The Billings Mansion, part of the park, has seen updates but retains much of its historical charm. It reflects the legacy of conservation efforts led by the Marsh, Billings, and Rockefeller families.
19. Bennington Battle Monument
The Bennington Battle Monument stands as the tallest man-made structure in Vermont. It commemorates the pivotal Battle of Bennington on August 16, 1777.
Completed in 1887, this 306-foot-high stone obelisk was constructed from stone blocks cut on-site. Visitors can ride an elevator to the top, offering panoramic views of the surrounding landscape.
This structure also holds the distinction of being the second tallest unreinforced masonry building in the United States, right after the Washington Monument.
20. Henry Covered Bridge
The Henry Covered Bridge is located in northwestern Bennington. This bridge carries River Road across the Walloomsac River.
Built in 1840, the bridge features a Town lattice truss design, which is both strong and visually appealing. The structure was beautifully maintained and even rebuilt in 1989 to preserve its historic charm.
Visitors often admire the nearby Henry House, adding to the scenic view. This covered bridge remains one of Vermont’s well-preserved historical landmarks. Learn more about the Henry Covered Bridge here.
Architectural Styles in Vermont
Vermont features a diverse range of architectural styles. Key influences include Colonial, Victorian, and Modernist trends, showcasing the state’s rich architectural history.
Colonial Architecture
Colonial architecture in Vermont dates back to the 18th century. This style is characterized by its symmetry, brick or wood exteriors, and gabled roofs. Common elements include central chimneys, small panes of glass in windows, and simple decorative details.
An iconic example is the Rockingham Meeting House, built in the late 1700s. This style emphasizes practicality and function, reflecting the early settlers’ needs. The interiors often feature large hearths used for cooking and heating.
One-room schoolhouses and simple churches are also prominent in this style, which represents the early foundation of Vermont’s architectural landscape.
Victorian Influences
Victorian architecture in Vermont emerged in the mid-to-late 19th century. This style includes intricate woodwork, elaborate trim, and asymmetrical designs. Buildings often feature steeply pitched roofs, bay windows, turrets, and decorative elements like patterned shingles and brackets.
The Fairbanks Museum and Planetarium in St. Johnsbury, built in the 1890s, is a prime example of Victorian style. It showcases the elaborate detail and ornate facade typical of this period.
Victorian homes often have expansive porches adorned with spindlework, enhancing their aesthetic appeal. They reflect a time of prosperity and attention to intricate architectural design.
Modernist Trends
Modernist architecture started influencing Vermont in the mid-20th century. It emphasizes simplicity, clean lines, and the use of new materials like glass and steel. Functionality is key, often featuring open floor plans and large windows to integrate the indoors with the outdoors.
The Falk House, also known as House II in Hardwick, exemplifies Modernist principles with its minimalist design and innovative use of space. Constructed in the 1970s, it incorporates geometric forms and a focus on natural light.
Public buildings and residences alike adopted these trends, marking a departure from traditional styles and embracing a more contemporary aesthetic.
Historical Significance of Vermont’s Buildings
Vermont is home to numerous historically significant buildings. Many are listed on the National Register of Historic Places, while others benefit from strong local conservation efforts.
Inclusion in the National Register of Historic Places
Vermont’s rich architectural heritage is well-documented through its inclusion in the National Register of Historic Places. Over 40,000 buildings in the state are recognized for their historical significance. This extensive listing highlights Vermont’s commitment to preserving its past.
For example, the Fairbanks Museum and Planetarium in St. Johnsbury, built in the 1890s, is a prime example of historical importance.
These buildings span various architectural styles and periods, from the late 1700s structures like the Rockingham Meeting House to mid-20th century marvels such as the 1970s Falk House. Each listing provides insight into the architectural trends, cultural context, and historical events that shaped the state.
For instance, the Vermont State House showcases Greek Revival architecture and a remarkable gold-leaf dome, making it a notable landmark.
Conservation Efforts
Conservation efforts in Vermont play a crucial role in maintaining the state’s architectural heritage. Various organizations and local communities engage in preserving these historic structures.
Efforts focus not only on preserving the physical structures but also on maintaining their historical integrity. This involves meticulous restoration projects, educational programs, and public awareness campaigns.
The architectural design/build movement at Norwich University is an example where modern techniques are taught with a focus on sustainability and conservation. These initiatives ensure that Vermont’s architectural treasures remain intact for future generations, reflecting the state’s dedication to preserving its rich history.
Impact of Architecture on Vermont’s Culture
Architecture plays a vital role in shaping Vermont’s culture and identity.
The state’s rich architectural heritage includes a wide variety of styles, from Greek Revival to contemporary sustainable designs.
Many Vermont towns feature iconic structures such as barns, churches, and opera houses.
These buildings often serve as community gathering places, fostering a sense of togetherness and pride.
Historically significant buildings, like the Vermont State House, showcase craftsmanship and attention to detail.
The State House’s Greek Revival style and gold-leaf dome are symbols of the state’s historical importance.
Architecture in Vermont often reflects the state’s values and traditions.
For example, the trend toward sustainable architecture honors Vermont’s commitment to environmental preservation.
This movement integrates energy-efficient designs and eco-friendly materials, showcasing the forward-thinking attitude of Vermonters.
Libraries and universities in Vermont also have a deep architectural heritage.
Buildings like these serve not only as educational centers but also as cultural landmarks, illustrating the importance of knowledge and learning in Vermont society.
One-room schoolhouses and community meeting houses are other examples of how architecture impacts culture.
These structures are remnants of a bygone era yet remain focal points for understanding Vermont’s historical community dynamics.
Additionally, the preservation of old buildings, often seen in ornate libraries and historic homes, keeps the past alive and accessible.
This dedication to preserving heritage encourages historical awareness among residents and visitors alike.
Architectural styles in Vermont also encompass a range of cultural influences, including early colonial and modern sustainable designs.
This blend reflects the diverse background and evolving nature of Vermont’s communities.