Prairie School architecture stands as a unique and influential style that emerged in the late 19th and early 20th centuries in the United States.
This architectural movement is known for its emphasis on horizontal lines, flat or hipped roofs, broad eaves, and integration with the landscape.
What makes Prairie School architecture extraordinary is its harmonious blend of functionality and artistry, creating aesthetically pleasing structures that complement their natural surroundings.
As enthusiasts explore these architectural gems, it’s essential to recognize the impact of figures like Frank Lloyd Wright and Louis Sullivan.
Their innovative designs have left a lasting legacy, inspiring countless architects worldwide.
This article will introduce you to twenty of the best examples of Prairie School architecture, showcasing how this American-born style continues to captivate and inspire.
Whether you’re an architecture aficionado or a curious reader, you’ll find these examples to be a testament to the enduring allure of Prairie School design.
For additional exploration of historical architecture, visit 20 Best Historical Architecture Buildings in the World.
1. Robie House
The Robie House, designed by Frank Lloyd Wright, is located in the Hyde Park neighborhood of Chicago, Illinois.
Completed in 1910, it is a prime example of Wright’s Prairie style, showcasing horizontal lines, art-glass windows, and Roman brick.
The house covers over 9,000 square feet and cost $58,000 to build, equivalent to $1.5 million today.
It is considered a high point in Wright’s career and marks the end of his Oak Park period.
The Robie House was named a U.S. National Historic Landmark in 1963 and is recognized as one of the 10 most significant structures of the 20th century by the American Institute of Architects.
This iconic structure is now a museum, offering tours to the public.
Read more about the Robie House and its significance in Prairie style architecture.
2. Unity Temple
Unity Temple, designed by Frank Lloyd Wright, is a cornerstone of Prairie School architecture in Oak Park, Illinois.
This iconic building, completed in 1908, is lauded for its innovative use of concrete and its unique geometric forms.
Wright’s design employs a Greek cross layout for the sanctuary, ensuring no seat is more than 45 feet from the pulpit.
The structure’s emphasis on horizontal lines and integration with the landscape exemplifies Prairie School principles.
Unity Temple has become a significant cultural site, attracting around 20,000 visitors annually.
In 1970, it was designated a National Historic Landmark and later added to the UNESCO World Heritage list among other Wright designs.
Wright himself regarded Unity Temple as a major contribution to modern architecture, marking a departure from traditional ecclesiastical design.
The building continues to inspire architects and enthusiasts alike for its groundbreaking approach to religious architecture.
Learn more about this architectural marvel at the Chicago Architecture Center.
3. Frank Lloyd Wright Home and Studio
Frank Lloyd Wright’s Home and Studio in Oak Park, Illinois, is a key example of Prairie School architecture.
Built between 1889 and 1911, it served as both his residence and workplace.
Wright designed this space to test architectural ideas. The studio became a training ground for notable architects like William Drummond and Marion Mahony Griffin.
The influence of these architects can be seen in the design details.
The home and studio feature elements typical of Prairie School design.
Horizontal lines, flat or hipped roofs with broad overhanging eaves, and integration with the landscape are prominent.
This site is now a museum that attracts architecture enthusiasts from around the world.
Learn more about it at the Chicago Architecture Center.
4. Hollyhock House
Hollyhock House, located in the East Hollywood neighborhood of Los Angeles, was designed by Frank Lloyd Wright.
Completed in 1921, it marked Wright’s first project in Southern California.
Designed for oil heiress Aline Barnsdall, the house showcases Wright’s adaptation of Mayan Revival architecture.
Barnsdall wanted the house to be part of an avant-garde theater complex, but only the residence and two other structures were completed.
Hollyhock House features ornamental patterns and forms inspired by the hollyhock flower, a favorite of Barnsdall.
These design elements create a distinctive and cohesive aesthetic throughout the property.
In 2019, Hollyhock House was added to the UNESCO World Heritage List along with other Wright masterpieces.
It is now the centerpiece of Barnsdall Art Park, attracting architecture enthusiasts from around the world.
This listing recognized its architectural significance and contribution to modernist architecture.
For more details, visit the Hollyhock House entry in Wikipedia and the feature from ArchEyes Magazine.
5. Martin House Complex
The Martin House Complex, located in Buffalo, New York, is a prime example of Frank Lloyd Wright’s Prairie School architecture.
Designed between 1903 and 1905, the complex includes the main Martin House, a conservatory, carriage house, and gardener’s cottage.
Wright’s design philosophy aimed to create a harmonious relationship between the building and its natural surroundings.
This is evident in the long, low structures with deep overhanging eaves and shallow roof pitches. The integration of the home with the landscape is a hallmark of Wright’s organic architecture.
The Martin House Complex recently underwent a 20-year, five-phase restoration to return it to its original glory.
This effort highlights its significance in both architectural and cultural history.
Visitors can appreciate the meticulous craftsmanship and innovative design elements that make this complex a standout example of Prairie School architecture.
For more information, visit Frank Lloyd Wright’s Darwin D. Martin House Complex.
6. Gamble House
The Gamble House in Pasadena, California, is an iconic example of Prairie School architecture.
Designed by Charles and Henry Greene in 1908, it exemplifies the Arts and Crafts movement.
One distinctive feature is its emphasis on horizontal lines, which blend the structure with its environment.
The house uses natural materials such as wood and stone, enhancing its organic feel.
Another key element is the extensive use of built-in furniture and fixtures.
This design choice creates a seamless flow between different living spaces.
The house also emphasizes craftsmanship, with detailed woodwork and stained glass windows.
Its large, overhanging eaves and open floor plan were innovative for their time.
For more information, you can visit The Design Gesture.
7. Dana-Thomas House
The Dana-Thomas House, located on East Lawrence Avenue in Springfield, Illinois, is a stunning example of Prairie School architecture.
Designed by Frank Lloyd Wright, this house was built between 1902 and 1904 for Susan Lawrence Dana, a prominent philanthropist.
The house is known for its organic architecture, blending the structure with its environment seamlessly.
Wright’s design includes intricate stained glass, custom woodwork, and expansive open spaces, embodying the Prairie School aesthetic.
Susan Lawrence Dana wanted the house to serve as a cultural and social hub.
After a major renovation, the house stands as a tribute to her family’s legacy.
In 1944, the property was purchased by Mr. and Mrs. Charles C. Thomas, and it was renamed the Dana-Thomas House.
Today, it remains a significant piece of architectural history.
8. Coonley House
The Coonley House, designed by Frank Lloyd Wright, is one of his most intricate Prairie School homes.
Constructed between 1908 and 1912 in Riverside, Illinois, this estate features classic elements of the Prairie style, such as low-pitched roofs and overhanging eaves.
Located on a unique small peninsula surrounded by the Des Plaines River, the Coonley House is part of a multi-building complex.
It includes a primary residence and other structures, making it one of only three such complexes designed by Wright.
The home has five bedrooms and five bathrooms and has been fully restored.
Architectural details like Craftsman-style windows and natural materials highlight Wright’s innovative approach to blending structures with their surroundings.
For more information, visit Coonley House – Wikipedia.
9. Winslow House
The Winslow House, designed by Frank Lloyd Wright, is located in River Forest, Illinois. It was built in 1894-95 and stands as one of Wright’s early masterpieces.
This house marks his first major commission as an independent architect, showcasing his developing style.
Winslow House is known for its symmetry and simplicity. The façade features a low-pitched roof and dominant horizontal lines, characteristics of the Prairie School style.
The use of natural materials is evident, blending the house with its surroundings.
The back of the house has a unique design with a porte-cochère for horse-drawn buggies.
Rooms such as the dining and living areas revolve around a central staircase tower, creating a dynamic internal space.
Wright’s innovative approach in Winslow House set the stage for his future works in Prairie School architecture. This home remains a significant landmark in his architectural career. Explore more about the Winslow House here.
10. Taliesin East
Taliesin East, also known simply as Taliesin, was the home and studio of Frank Lloyd Wright. Located in Spring Green, Wisconsin, this historic property is a prime example of the Prairie School of architecture.
Designed by Wright himself, Taliesin East was built in 1911. The building and grounds have undergone various changes over the years.
Wright’s design emphasizes harmony between the structure and its natural surroundings.
Taliesin East is now recognized as a UNESCO World Heritage Site. The estate’s integration with the landscape showcases Wright’s innovative approach to blending architecture with the environment.
Visitors can take guided tours of Taliesin East, offering an in-depth look at Wright’s living and working spaces. The tours provide unique insights into his architectural vision. To learn more, visit the official Taliesin site.
11. Taliesin West
Taliesin West is located near Scottsdale, Arizona. Designed by Frank Lloyd Wright, it served as his winter home.
Constructed between 1937 and 1959, it was also a workshop and school for young architects.
The building is known for its integration with the desert landscape. Wright used local materials such as sand, rock, and wood, blending the structure with its surroundings.
Taliesin West has been recognized as a UNESCO World Heritage Site. This site is also a National Historic Landmark, highlighting its architectural significance.
The design incorporates horizontal lines, large glass windows, and open spaces. These elements create a seamless transition between the interior and exterior, an important feature of prairie-style architecture.
Taliesin West continues to serve as a testament to Wright’s innovative design philosophy and his ability to harmonize architecture with nature.
12. Frederick C. Robie House
Designed by Frank Lloyd Wright in 1908-09, the Frederick C. Robie House is one of the most iconic examples of Prairie School architecture. Located in the Hyde Park neighborhood of Chicago, this house is famous for its horizontal lines and integration with the surrounding landscape.
The Robie House showcases key elements of Wright’s Prairie style, including art-glass windows and Roman brick. The attention to detail extends to the interiors and furnishings, all designed by Wright.
This historic house also holds the distinction of being named a US National Historic Landmark in 1963. Despite its historical importance, Frederick C. Robie only resided in the home for a brief period, making its architectural legacy even more intriguing.
13. Hills-DeCaro House
The Hills-DeCaro House, located in Oak Park, Illinois, is a significant example of Prairie School architecture. It was originally built by architect Frank Lloyd Wright in 1906.
This house is noted for its distinctive horizontal lines, flat or hipped roofs, and broad overhanging eaves.
In 1917, the house underwent a renovation that enclosed the back veranda and added a basement. Mrs. Hills, the original owner, lived there until her death in 1965. Following her passing, the house suffered neglect by its subsequent owners for a decade.
This residence showcases many elements typical of Wright’s designs during the Prairie School period. The presence of the Nathan G. Moore House in the background also highlights the architectural significance of this location. For more detailed insights, visit Hills-DeCaro House on Wikipedia.
14. Heurtley House
The Arthur B. Heurtley House, located in Oak Park, Illinois, stands as a prime example of Frank Lloyd Wright’s Prairie School design. Built in 1902, it exhibits many key elements of this style, such as horizontal lines, flat or hipped roofs with broad eaves, and open interior spaces.
This house is known for its unique use of natural materials and strong, linear forms. The exterior features Roman bricks and wooden trims that emphasize its horizontal layout.
The interior offers open, flowing spaces with built-in furniture that blends seamlessly with the architecture.
Wright’s design of the Heurtley House highlights his innovative approach to residential architecture. The building’s integration with its surrounding landscape and use of natural light are hallmarks of Wright’s work. Visitors and architecture enthusiasts can gain deeper insights into Prairie School architecture by exploring Heurtley House.
15. Willits House
The Ward W. Willits House was designed by Frank Lloyd Wright in 1901. This house is one of the earliest examples of Prairie School architecture. Located in Highland Park, Illinois, it features a symmetrical facade that is typical of Wright’s design approach.
The Willits House stands out for its horizontal lines and open interior spaces. These elements are key characteristics of Prairie-style architecture. The design creates a seamless flow between the interior and exterior spaces.
One notable feature is the use of stained-glass windows. These windows allow natural light to flood the interior, creating a warm and inviting atmosphere. Wright’s ability to combine different architectural elements in a cohesive manner is evident in this house.
To learn more about this iconic house, visit Willits House.
16. Westcott House
Completed in 1908, the Westcott House is a prime example of Frank Lloyd Wright’s Prairie School architecture. Located in Springfield, Ohio, this house was designed for Mr. Burton J. Westcott and his family. It stands out due to its large, horizontal lines and low-pitched roof.
The house features an open floor plan which allows for a natural flow of space. Glass windows and doors enhance light and connectivity with the outdoors.
Wright’s use of built-in furniture and art glass windows highlight his attention to detail.
One unique aspect of the Westcott House is its integrated garage and stables. These features were uncommon in residential designs of that era. The house remains the only Prairie Style home designed by Wright in Ohio. For more details, you can check out the Westcott House.
17. Meyer May House
The Meyer May House is a prime example of Prairie School architecture. Designed by Frank Lloyd Wright, this home is located in the Heritage Hill Historic District of Grand Rapids, Michigan. Built in 1908-1909, it reflects Wright’s distinct style with its low-pitched roof and horizontal lines.
Meyer May, a successful clothier, commissioned the house. It was intended to embody the principles of organic architecture.
The home features art glass windows, expansive verandas, and open interior spaces, creating a seamless connection between indoors and outdoors.
Much of the house’s original charm has been preserved through careful restoration. Today, the Meyer May House stands as a testament to Wright’s innovative approach to residential design. For more information, visit this site.
18. Henderson House
Henderson House is located at 301 South Kenilworth Avenue in Elmhurst, Illinois. This house was designed by Frank Lloyd Wright, one of the most influential architects of the 20th century.
Constructed in the early 1900s, the house is an excellent example of Wright’s Prairie School style. This style is characterized by its horizontal lines and flat, expansive planes.
Although privately owned and not open to the public, Henderson House remains an iconic structure. Its design reflects Wright’s philosophy of creating buildings that harmonize with the environment.
Prairie School architecture aimed to build simple and functional homes, yet Henderson House manages to stand out with its unique details and craftsmanship. Wright’s skill in blending form and function is evident throughout the property.
For more detailed information, visit Henderson House.
19. Burton J. Westcott House
The Burton J. Westcott House, designed by Frank Lloyd Wright, is a remarkable example of Prairie School architecture. Completed in 1908 in Springfield, Ohio, it showcases Wright’s vision for blending buildings with their surroundings. The house is the only Prairie-style residence designed by Wright in Ohio.
The house features horizontal lines and flat roofs that echo the flat landscapes of the Midwest. It includes a main house and a garage with stables, which are connected by a pergola. The design focuses on creating a harmonious relationship between the interior and exterior spaces.
Frank Lloyd Wright‘s attention to detail is evident in elements like the leaded glass windows, built-in furniture, and geometric designs. These features contribute to the house’s unique and cohesive aesthetic. The Westcott House remains a significant example of Wright’s architectural philosophy and innovation.
20. Ward W. Willits House
The Ward W. Willits House, built in 1902-1903, is a key example of Frank Lloyd Wright’s Prairie School architecture. Located in Highland Park, Illinois, this house marks a significant step in Wright’s design maturity.
The Willits House is considered Wright’s first true Prairie house. Its design features horizontal lines, flat roofs, and open interior spaces. These elements connect the house to its surrounding landscape, a hallmark of Prairie School design.
Frank Lloyd Wright aimed for simplicity and practicality in the Willits House. The layout was arranged to promote a simple mode of living. This idea was highlighted in Wright’s article, A Home in a Prairie Town, published in 1901.
The Ward W. Willits House remains a prominent example of Wright’s innovative approach to residential design, blending form and function seamlessly.
Defining Prairie School Architecture
Prairie School Architecture is an architectural style that emerged in the United States. It emphasizes horizontal lines, natural integration, and craftsmanship.
Two key aspects are its origins and history, along with its defining characteristics.
Origins and History
Prairie School Architecture began in the late 19th and early 20th centuries, primarily in the Midwestern United States. This style was developed by a group of architects who wanted to create a uniquely American form of architecture.
This movement was heavily influenced by the works and writings of architect Louis Sullivan and the ideals of the Arts and Crafts movement, which emphasized simplicity and craftsmanship.
Frank Lloyd Wright is perhaps the most famous architect associated with Prairie School. He, along with others, rejected European revivalist styles and focused on creating an architectural vision that reflected the American landscape.
Chicago was a central hub for this movement, where young architects combined advanced building techniques with philosophical ideas about nature and society.
Key Characteristics
Key features of Prairie School Architecture include horizontal lines and flat or hipped roofs with wide overhanging eaves. These elements create a sense of harmony with the flat Midwestern landscape.
Windows are often grouped in horizontal bands, allowing ample natural light to fill the interiors.
The architecture integrates with its surrounding environment, making extensive use of natural materials like wood and stone. Interiors are open and flowing, often marked by built-in furniture and handcrafted details.
This style values solid construction and craftsmanship, focusing on the quality and authenticity of materials used.
Notable examples of this architecture can be seen in many houses designed by Frank Lloyd Wright, including the Robie House in Chicago.
Notable Architects
Prairie School architecture featured many talented architects who contributed to its development and dissemination. The most influential among them include Frank Lloyd Wright, Walter Burley Griffin, and Marion Mahony Griffin.
Frank Lloyd Wright’s Influence
Frank Lloyd Wright is arguably the most famous architect associated with the Prairie School. He emphasized the use of horizontal lines, flat or hipped roofs, and broad eaves to blend buildings with the natural landscape.
Wright’s designs often featured large windows and open, flowing interior spaces, aiming to bring the outside in.
Wright’s Robie House, built in 1910, is a prime example of Prairie architecture. Located in Chicago, it showcases his philosophy of organic architecture where form and function are harmoniously aligned.
Such designs were inspired by the North American plains, promoting simplicity and efficiency.
In addition to residential projects, Wright’s public buildings, such as the Unity Temple, reflect his Prairie style. His influence extended well beyond the Midwest and continues to shape modern architecture.
Contributions of Walter Burley Griffin
Walter Burley Griffin, another key figure, made substantial contributions to the Prairie School movement. He collaborated closely with Frank Lloyd Wright and worked on several prominent projects.
Griffin specialized in landscape architecture, emphasizing the integration of buildings with their surroundings.
One of his notable works includes the town plan of Canberra, Australia. This project demonstrated his ability to apply Prairie School principles on a larger scale.
Griffin’s buildings often featured innovative use of concrete and a unique blend of geometric forms and natural elements.
Griffin also designed several homes and public buildings in the United States and Australia, showcasing his pragmatic yet artistic approach.
His work at Castlecrag in New South Wales is especially noteworthy, reflecting his commitment to creating harmonious environments.
Role of Marion Mahony Griffin
Marion Mahony Griffin, one of the first licensed female architects in the world, played a crucial role in the Prairie School movement. She worked as Frank Lloyd Wright’s chief assistant and contributed significantly to the design and presentation of Wright’s projects.
Her detailed drawings helped articulate the aesthetic vision of the Prairie School.
Mahony Griffin’s artwork and architectural designs were characterized by their elegance and precision. She played a pivotal role in the Canberra project alongside her husband, Walter Burley Griffin, ensuring the integration of landscape and architecture.
Her collaboration with Wright on projects such as the All Souls Church added depth to the Prairie School’s design portfolio.
Mahony Griffin’s legacy lies in her ability to blend art and architecture seamlessly, enhancing the movement’s overall impact.
Architectural Techniques
Prairie School Architecture is famous for its use of horizontal lines and its close integration with nature. These techniques help create buildings that harmonize with the landscape and emphasize simplicity and craftsmanship.
Use of Horizontal Lines
Horizontal lines are a key feature of Prairie School Architecture. These lines make buildings appear elongated and grounded to the earth.
Roofs often have wide overhangs, which further emphasize horizontal movement.
Windows are usually grouped in horizontal bands. This design helps to blend indoor and outdoor spaces.
The horizontal emphasis can also be seen in brick or wood patterns on exterior walls. The horizontal lines convey a sense of calm and stability, creating a visually appealing balance.
Integration with Nature
Integration with nature is another hallmark of Prairie School Architecture. Buildings are designed to work with their surroundings, not against them.
Large windows and open floor plans help connect the interior spaces with the outside world.
Materials used in construction often come from local sources. This helps the buildings blend seamlessly with the natural landscape.
Plantings around the structure are also carefully chosen to enhance this connection. Prairie School designs often feature terraces, gardens, and overhangs that extend living spaces into the outdoors.
For more information, you can visit the page on Prairie School Architecture.