20 Most Beautiful Synagogues in the World: Architectural Marvels and Cultural Icons

Synagogues around the world are often admired not only as places of worship but also as stunning works of architecture.

These sacred spaces showcase a rich tapestry of design elements that reflect the cultural and historical contexts in which they were built. From the Moorish Revival styles to the modernist approaches, each synagogue tells a unique story.

Discovering these architectural marvels offers a window into the diverse history and traditions of Jewish communities globally.

Whether nestled in bustling cities or serene landscapes, these synagogues stand as a testament to enduring faith and artistic achievement.

As we explore twenty of the most beautiful synagogues in the world, we will encounter not just buildings, but the legacies and stories they embody.

For those passionate about historical structures, don’t miss our guide to the best historical architecture buildings in the world, which further delves into the architectural splendors that have shaped our cultural heritage.

1. Eldridge Street Synagogue, New York

The Eldridge Street Synagogue, located in New York’s Lower East Side, is a stunning example of Moorish Revival architecture.

Completed in 1887, it was the first major synagogue built by Eastern European Jewish immigrants in the United States.

Visitors can admire the building’s distinctive brick and stone facade. Inside, the sanctuary features elaborately painted walls, stained glass windows, and a grand rose window.

The sanctuary underwent a $20 million restoration, which was completed in 2007, preserving its historic beauty.

A visit to the Eldridge Street Synagogue offers a glimpse into New York’s rich immigrant history. This landmark not only serves as a house of worship but also operates as a museum, providing guided tours that highlight its architectural and cultural significance.

To explore more about the synagogue, you can plan your visit here.

2. Great Synagogue, Budapest

The Great Synagogue, located on Dohány Street in Budapest, is one of the largest synagogues in the world.

Built in 1859, it can seat up to 3,000 people, with 1,497 seats on the ground floor for men and 1,472 in the galleries for women.

Architecturally, it features a blend of Romantic and Moorish styles, designed by Hungarian architect Frigyes Feszl. Its vast nave is supported by a single-span cast iron structure that stretches 12 meters wide.

The synagogue is adorned with beautiful geometric frescoes. It also has a rich history, having survived attacks during World War II when it was used by German troops for radio communications.

Located in Budapest’s Jewish Quarter, the Great Synagogue is not just a place of worship but a symbol of resilience and cultural heritage. Visitors can explore its museum and the adjacent Jewish cemetery. Read more about it here.

3. Hurva Synagogue, Jerusalem

Hurva Synagogue is located in the Jewish Quarter of the Old City of Jerusalem.

Its current structure was reconstructed in 2010, showcasing a blend of historic and modern architecture. The synagogue’s original foundation dates back to 1721, founded by followers of Rabbi Yehudah he-Hasid.

This iconic building has endured many challenges, including being destroyed and left in ruins for 140 years.

Its intricate design features a large dome and impressive arches. Inside, the synagogue boasts beautiful decorations and elegant furnishings.

Hurva Synagogue stands as a symbol of resilience and faith. It is not only a place of worship but also a significant architectural landmark. The building reflects the rich cultural history of Jerusalem.

For more information, see the article on Hurva Synagogue.

4. Rykestrasse Synagogue, Berlin

The Rykestrasse Synagogue is located in the Prenzlauer Berg neighborhood of Berlin.

Designed by architect Johann Hoeniger, this synagogue is the largest in Germany and features Romanesque Revival style.

Completed and consecrated in 1904, Rykestrasse Synagogue is notable for its historical and architectural significance.

It has managed to survive significant periods of turmoil, including the Nazi era and World War II, largely unscathed.

The building’s exterior resembles a neo-Romanesque basilica, distinguished by its beautiful brickwork and twin gates leading to a courtyard. It remains a testament to Berlin’s rich Jewish history.

5. Touro Synagogue, Newport

Touro Synagogue in Newport, Rhode Island, is the oldest synagogue in the United States.

Built in 1763, it stands as a symbol of religious freedom. Its architecture reflects the colonial style of the 18th century, making it one of the most architecturally significant buildings of that era.

The synagogue was designed by Peter Harrison, a noted British-American architect. Harrison’s design includes classical elements, such as tall arched windows and a prominent central doorway. These features contribute to its timeless beauty and historic importance.

Visitors to Touro Synagogue can also appreciate its rich interior. The elegant woodwork, combined with the natural light from the large windows, creates a serene and inviting atmosphere.

The interior design remains largely unchanged, providing a genuine glimpse into colonial American architecture.

For those interested in visiting, the synagogue is part of the heart of Newport’s colonial district and is now a National Historic Site, attracting visitors from around the world.

6. Bialystoker Synagogue, New York

Bialystoker Synagogue, located at 7-11 Willett Street in the Lower East Side of Manhattan, is a marvel of both history and architecture.

Built in 1826, the building originally served as the Willett Street Methodist Episcopal Church.

In 1905, the burgeoning Jewish community purchased the building, transforming it into an Orthodox Jewish synagogue. The synagogue blends Gothic Revival and Moorish Revival architectural styles, making it an exceptional example of early 19th-century religious architecture in New York City.

The synagogue has earned recognition for its stunning interior, which features vibrant murals, intricate woodwork, and stained glass windows. It was designated a New York City Landmark and listed on the National Register of Historic Places.

Believed to have been a stop on the Underground Railroad, Bialystoker Synagogue holds significant historical value. This makes it a must-visit for anyone interested in New York’s rich cultural and architectural heritage.

7. Great Synagogue of Florence, Florence

The Great Synagogue of Florence, also known as Tempio Maggiore Israelitico di Firenze, was completed in 1882.

It is a stunning example of Italian and Moorish Revival architecture, featuring an enormous copper dome and an elaborate marble façade.

This synagogue stands out in Florence, a city known for its remarkable buildings. Its intricate interior decoration includes a blend of Moorish and Byzantine motifs.

Located on the city’s east side, the synagogue is also home to a small Jewish Museum, which houses artifacts and photos from Florence’s Jewish history. The building attracts over 50,000 tourists a year, making it a significant cultural landmark.

For more detailed information, you can visit the Great Synagogue of Florence.

8. Sagrada Familia Synagogue, Barcelona

The Sagrada Familia Synagogue in Barcelona is not commonly known under this name.

The famous Basilica of Sagrada Familia, designed by Antoni Gaudí, is a stunning example of Catalan Modernisme. Though primarily a Catholic basilica, its architectural elements have drawn comparisons to many religious styles.

Located in the heart of Barcelona, this landmark has become a symbol of the city. Its intricate facades and towering spires attract millions of visitors annually. Gaudí’s use of natural forms and vibrant stained glass brings a unique light and energy to the interior.

Though there is no official synagogue known as the “Sagrada Familia Synagogue,” the Great Synagogue of Barcelona and other Jewish landmarks are significant to Barcelona’s cultural landscape. These sites reflect the rich history and traditions of the Jewish community in the city.

9. New Synagogue, Berlin

The New Synagogue, located on Oranienburger Straße in Berlin, was constructed in the mid-19th century. This architectural marvel served as the main place of worship for Berlin’s Jewish community.

Its Moorish style, reminiscent of the Alhambra, sets it apart as a significant cultural landmark.

Designed to seat 3,200 people, the New Synagogue was the largest Jewish place of worship in Germany at the time.

The structure reflects a blend of iron and steel, modern for its era, allowing for the grand dome and opulent interior.

During World War II, the synagogue was heavily damaged but has since been restored. Today, it stands not only as a place of worship but also as a museum and cultural center.

Visitors to Berlin often consider it a must-see for its historical and architectural significance.

10. Central Synagogue, New York

Central Synagogue, located at 652 Lexington Avenue in Midtown Manhattan, is the oldest Jewish house of worship in continuous service in the State of New York.

Its design showcases a stunning blend of Moorish Revival architecture.

Built in 1872, this synagogue features a sanctuary with 1,400 seats. It stands out for its two domed towers and colorful stained glass, including an impressive great rose window.

Unlike most synagogues oriented towards Jerusalem, Central Synagogue faces west. This unique orientation adds to its distinctive character.

Central Synagogue is a designated New York City landmark, recognized for its historical and architectural significance.

The synagogue’s rich history and striking design make it a must-visit for architecture enthusiasts.

For more about Central Synagogue’s secrets and history, visit the Top 10 Secrets of Manhattan’s Stunning Central Synagogue.

11. Great Synagogue of Sydney, Sydney

The Great Synagogue of Sydney is a stunning piece of architecture located at 187a Elizabeth Street in the Sydney central business district. It has been a prominent feature of the Sydney cityscape for over 140 years, facing Hyde Park.

This synagogue combines Gothic and Byzantine architectural styles. Its intricate design includes beautiful stained-glass windows and an ornate interior, making it a visual delight for visitors.

Established in the 1870s, the Great Synagogue holds historical significance as one of the oldest Jewish congregations in Sydney.

Its heritage-listed status reflects its importance to the local Jewish community and the city at large.

For those interested in architectural heritage and religious buildings, the Great Synagogue stands as a must-visit landmark.

To learn more about its history and architectural elements, visit The Great Synagogue.

12. Jubilee Synagogue, Prague

The Jubilee Synagogue, also known as the Jerusalem Synagogue, is situated in the Nové Město district of Prague. Completed in 1906, it replaced several demolished synagogues following the redevelopment of the Prague Jewish ghetto.

This synagogue is known for its striking Moorish Revival architectural style, featuring vibrant colors and intricate designs. Its facade is particularly notable, combining Islamic and Art Nouveau elements.

Inside, the synagogue boasts richly decorated interiors with stained glass windows and ornate woodwork.

It is the largest and newest synagogue of the Prague Jewish community and serves as an active place of worship.

This architectural masterpiece remains an important cultural and religious landmark in Prague, attracting both worshippers and tourists alike.

Visitors can learn more about it here and here.

13. Great Synagogue of Stockholm, Stockholm

The Great Synagogue of Stockholm, located near Kungsträdgården on Wahrendorffsgatan, is a national historical building.

Built in 1870, it features an “oriental” architectural style. This design choice makes it stand out among European synagogues.

The building can seat 900 people. The interior follows a fairly traditional order of services, with most prayers conducted in Hebrew.

The synagogue is an important site for Stockholm’s Jewish community, established in 1775 and now numbering 5,200 members.

The community center is situated near Raoul Wallenberg Square, named after the Swedish diplomat who saved many Hungarian Jews during World War II.

More information can be found on jfst.se and Wikipedia.

14. Tempio Maggiore, Rome

Tempio Maggiore, also known as the Great Synagogue of Rome, stands as a symbol of the Roman Jewish community’s resilience and freedom.

Completed in 1904, this architectural marvel features a unique blend of Historicism and Art Nouveau styles.

The synagogue is located at Lungotevere de’ Cenci in Rome. Designed by Vincenzo Costa and Osvaldo Armanni, its square dome makes it easily recognizable.

The structure also houses the Jewish Museum of Rome, which showcases the history and culture of Rome’s Jewish community.

Nearby attractions include the Roman Forum and Colosseum, making it a convenient addition to a day of sightseeing.

Explore more about Tempio Maggiore’s historical significance and architectural features at archeoroma.org’s Tempio Maggiore.

15. Bevis Marks Synagogue, London

Bevis Marks Synagogue is Britain’s oldest synagogue, founded in 1701. Located off Bevis Marks in the City of London, it is a significant landmark for both historical and architectural reasons.

This Grade I listed building showcases Dutch architectural influences, a characteristic feature from the time it was constructed.

The synagogue’s interior is remarkably well-preserved, featuring original wooden furnishings and a stunning brass candelabrum, which is lit only on special occasions.

Bevis Marks Synagogue serves as the Cathedral Synagogue for the Spanish and Portuguese Sephardic Jews, emphasizing its importance in the Jewish community.

Surrounded by the modern hustle of London, Bevis Marks presents a serene historical contrast.

For those interested in architecture and history, visiting this synagogue offers a unique glimpse into the Jewish heritage and 18th-century architectural styles in England.

More about this can be found at Bevis Marks Synagogue.

16. Ohel Jakob Synagogue, Munich

The Ohel Jakob Synagogue in Munich stands as a symbol of resilience and renewal. Located at Sankt-Jakobs-Platz, this synagogue was inaugurated on November 9, 2006, which marks the 68th anniversary of Kristallnacht.

Designed by architects Rena Wandel-Hoefer and Wolfgang Lorch, the synagogue combines tradition and modernity.

Its structural height reaches 28 meters, creating an impressive skyline presence that catches the eye of anyone passing by.

The prayer hall of the synagogue is designed to accommodate 600 worshippers.

The exterior features a striking glass cube, symbolizing transparency and openness. This modern design element is beautifully balanced with traditional Jewish motifs, harmonizing old and new.

The synagogue is part of a larger Jüdisches Zentrum complex, which includes a cultural center known for its modern architecture and impressive scale.

This center hosts various cultural and educational events, enriching the local community and serving as a focal point for Jewish life in Munich.

For more information, visit the Ohel Jakob Synagogue.

17. Kadoorie Mekor Haim Synagogue, Porto

The Kadoorie Mekor Haim Synagogue is a significant architectural gem in Porto, Portugal.

Located in the parish of Lordelo do Ouro e Massarelos, this synagogue stands as the largest in the Iberian Peninsula.

Constructed starting in 1929, the synagogue was inaugurated in 1938. This grand building was made possible through donations from Jews worldwide. The name “Mekor Haim” translates to “Source of Life.”

The synagogue is not just a place of worship but also a community center.

It serves as a symbol of resilience and heritage, especially notable during a time when synagogues were targeted in Nazi Germany.

The architectural style blends local and international elements, making it unique.

For more details, you can visit the Kadoorie – Mekor Haim Synagogue page.

Hugo, a member and guide, offers insightful tours, sharing the rich history of Jewish life in Portugal.

This historical and cultural landmark continues to be a point of pride for the local Jewish community.

18. Great Synagogue of Lyon, Lyon

Designed by Abraham Hirsch in the Byzantine Revival style, the Great Synagogue of Lyon stands as a testament to the city’s rich Jewish heritage.

Completed in 1864, the synagogue sits at 13 quai Tilsitt in Lyon’s IIe arrondissement.

The synagogue underwent significant renovation in 2014, preserving its historical and architectural integrity.

It was recognized as a monument historique on December 5, 1984, a designation that highlights its cultural importance.

Originally built to serve a growing Jewish community, the synagogue continues to be a prominent place of worship and cultural gathering.

Its architecture features intricate details and grand design elements that are characteristic of the Byzantine Revival style.

This historic building remains a key architectural landmark in Lyon, inviting visitors to explore its storied past and beautiful design.

More details can be found on its Wikipedia page.

19. Maisel Synagogue, Prague

The Maisel Synagogue is a notable landmark in the Jewish Quarter of Prague.

Built in 1592, it originally featured a Renaissance style. Over centuries, it underwent several reconstructions, including Baroque and Neo-Gothic influences.

Funding for the synagogue came from Mordechai Maisel, a wealthy philanthropist.

Architects Judah Tzoref de Herz and Josef Wahl designed its unique structure, which included three naves. This three-nave design was unusual for its time.

Today, the Maisel Synagogue is an important cultural and historical site.

It is owned by Prague’s Jewish Community and administered by the Jewish Museum. Visitors can explore its rich heritage and architectural evolution.

Set in the Josefov neighborhood, it offers a glimpse into the area’s Jewish history, making it a must-visit for architecture and history enthusiasts alike.

20. Dohány Street Synagogue, Budapest

Dohány Street Synagogue, also known as the Great Synagogue, is located in the heart of Budapest’s Jewish Quarter.

Inaugurated in 1859, it is the largest synagogue in Europe and the second largest in the world.

The synagogue showcases a blend of Moorish Revival and Romantic architectural styles.

Hungarian romantic architect Frigyes Feszl’s influence can be seen in its stunning geometric frescoes.

The interior is as impressive as the exterior. The nave, with a single-span cast iron structure, stretches 12 meters wide. It provides seating for 1,497 men downstairs and 1,472 women in the galleries.

For those interested in architecture, the synagogue’s design and historical significance make it a must-visit location in Budapest.

Learn more about Dohány Street Synagogue and its architectural marvels.

Architectural Significance

The architectural significance of synagogues across the world is immense, blending historical influences with unique design elements.

From the legacy left by ancient builders to the intricate details of modern structures, each synagogue tells a story through its architecture that visitors can admire and explore.

Historical Influence

The historical influence on synagogue architecture is profound.

Many synagogues reflect the era and region in which they were built.

For example, the Synagogue of El Tránsito in Spain showcases the Moorish revival style, featuring elaborate stucco decorations and Arabic script.

European synagogues often exhibit Gothic and Baroque influences.

The Great Synagogue of Budapest exemplifies this, with its grand arches and ornate interior.

Post-war synagogues frequently emphasize simplicity and resilience, reflecting periods of persecution and rebirth.

In North America, synagogues such as Temple Emanu-El in New York blend Romanesque and Byzantine elements.

This melting pot of styles is a testament to the diverse cultural backgrounds of the Jewish community.

Design Elements

Design elements in synagogues are meticulously chosen to serve both aesthetic and functional purposes.

Many synagogues feature an ark to house Torah scrolls, often adorned with intricate woodwork or gold leaf.

The bimah, a raised platform for reading the Torah, is another central element and can be richly designed.

Stained glass windows, like those in the Central Synagogue in New York, often feature Stars of David and other significant symbols.

These windows not only add beauty but also enhance natural light during services.

Other notable elements include Moorish domes, Gothic arches, and Baroque altars. Each adds to the spiritual atmosphere and aesthetic grandeur, making these places of worship true architectural marvels.

Cultural Impact

Synagogues are not just places of worship; they play a significant role in the cultural and social fabric of Jewish communities. These architectural masterpieces have become symbols of heritage and tradition.

Community Role

Synagogues often serve as the heart of Jewish communities.

They provide a space for social gatherings, educational programs, and cultural events.

These activities foster a sense of community and belonging.

For example, the Grand Choral Synagogue in St. Petersburg is more than a worship space. It hosts various cultural and educational events.

This synagogue builds connections among community members, including those who are not regular worshippers.

In Budapest, the Dohány Street Synagogue serves as a historical museum.

This broadens its impact by educating visitors about the Jewish heritage and history.

Religious Practices

In addition to their cultural significance, synagogues are central to religious life. They are the primary locations for prayer, Torah readings, and other religious ceremonies.

An example is the El Ghirba Synagogue in Tunisia, rebuilt many times but still active today.

This synagogue remains a focal point for festivals and other religious gatherings.

The Dohány Street Synagogue in Budapest not only serves as a place for daily worship but also hosts significant religious events.

This makes these synagogues key to preserving Jewish rituals and traditions.

Preservation and Conservation

Preserving and conserving historic synagogues are vital tasks to maintain these buildings for future generations.

Many synagogues have been meticulously restored to handle the effects of time and environmental factors.

Historic landmarks like the Eldridge Street Synagogue in New York have seen major restoration efforts.

Originally in disrepair, this Moorish-style synagogue faced challenges like natural disasters and misguided renovations. Today, it stands as a testament to careful restoration work.

Another notable synagogue is the Dohány Street Synagogue in Budapest.

Built between 1854 and 1859, it is the largest synagogue in Europe and one of the largest in the world.

Regular maintenance and community involvement have kept it in extraordinary condition, showcasing its significance in architectural history.

In Russia, the Grand Choral Synagogue of St. Petersburg demonstrates the importance of architectural preservation.

Constructed in 1893, its intricate 47-meter dome required specific restoration techniques to preserve its original design.

Several synagogues, like El Ghirba in Tunisia, highlight the importance of cultural collaboration in preservation.

Rebuilt multiple times, this synagogue stands as a symbol of resilience and community effort despite challenges like the 2002 attack.

Key Factors in Preservation:

• Community Involvement: Engagement from local communities and heritage organizations is crucial.
• Funding: Adequate financial resources ensure ongoing maintenance and emergency repairs.
• Expert Guidance: Involvement of skilled architects and conservationists helps restore and maintain structural integrity.

Challenges:

• Environmental Factors: Weather and natural disasters can cause significant damage.
• Aging Materials: Original construction materials may deteriorate, requiring specific and often rare restoration techniques.