20 Best Architectural Buildings in Indonesia: A Guide to Iconic Structures

Indonesia is home to a diverse range of architectural marvels, reflecting its rich cultural heritage and modern advancements.

From ancient temples to contemporary skyscrapers, the country showcases a blend of traditional and innovative designs.

What makes Indonesia’s architecture distinctive is its ability to integrate various cultural influences while adapting to the tropical climate.

This article highlights 20 of the best architectural buildings in Indonesia, each offering a unique perspective on the nation’s architectural evolution.

1. Borobudur Temple

Borobudur Temple is a remarkable architectural marvel located in Central Java, Indonesia. It was constructed during the 8th and 9th centuries under the Syailendra Dynasty.

This temple is the largest Buddhist temple in the world.

Built as a tribute to the Buddha, Borobudur features nine stacked platforms.

The structure comprises six square and three circular platforms, topped by a grand central dome.

Over 2,600 relief panels and 504 Buddha statues adorn the temple.

The temple has a unique design representing a microcosm of the universe. It is a place for Buddhist pilgrimage, where devotees walk through each level, symbolizing a journey towards enlightenment.

To learn more, visit Borobudur Temple on UNESCO or the Khan Academy page on Borobudur Temple.

2. Prambanan Temple

Prambanan Temple is the largest Hindu temple in Indonesia and the second-largest in Southeast Asia. Built in the 10th century, it stands as a stunning example of Hindu architecture.

The complex features a central building that rises 47 meters high, surrounded by numerous smaller temples.

Dedicated to the Trimurti, Prambanan honors Brahma, Vishnu, and Shiva. Its intricate reliefs tell stories from Hindu epics. These artistic details draw visitors from around the world.

Recognized as a UNESCO World Heritage Site, the temple’s architecture follows traditional Hindu styles. This includes pointed spires and a layout that reflects cosmic concepts.

For those interested in cultural heritage, Prambanan is a must-see destination.

Visitors can explore the vast temple grounds and marvel at the rich history and artistry.

The temple remains a key cultural and historical landmark in Indonesia. For more information, visit Prambanan’s page on Wikipedia.

3. Istiqlal Mosque

Istiqlal Mosque in Jakarta is the largest mosque in Southeast Asia. It stands as a significant symbol of Indonesia’s independence. The mosque was officially inaugurated on February 22, 1978.

The name “Istiqlal” means “independence” in Arabic.

Designed by architect Frederich Silaban, the mosque features contemporary architecture with intricate marble cladding from East Java.

The mosque covers approximately nine hectares and has five levels. It can accommodate thousands of worshippers, making it an essential place for religious gatherings.

The Istiqlal Mosque is also known for its blend of Indonesian and modern design elements.

Its strategic location in Central Jakarta makes it a prominent landmark in the city, admired by locals and tourists alike. For more information, visit the Istiqlal Mosque.

4. Gelora Bung Karno Stadium

Gelora Bung Karno Stadium is located in Central Jakarta, Indonesia. Initially known as Senayan Main Stadium, it remains one of the largest stadiums in Southeast Asia.

Built in 1962, it was a central project during President Sukarno’s era, symbolizing Indonesia’s independence and modernization.

The stadium’s architecture reflects Soviet influences, as the Soviets invested in its construction. The design features wide boulevards and monumental areas, enhancing Jakarta’s cityscape.

It was initially built to host the 1962 Asian Games and has undergone various renovations since then.

Today, Gelora Bung Karno Stadium serves multiple purposes. It hosts football matches, concerts, and significant national events.

The surrounding complex includes other sports facilities, making it a hub for various activities.

The stadium remains a key landmark in Jakarta, representing both historical significance and modern multi-purpose use.

Learn more about the stadium’s transformation from a heritage complex to a modern public park at Gelora Bung Karno.

5. Great Mosque of Central Java

The Great Mosque of Central Java stands as an impressive architectural feat in Semarang, Indonesia. Covering 10 hectares, it features three central buildings arranged in a U-shape. The central mosque is domed and flanked by four minarets.

The roof design of the mosque resembles a “joglo,” a traditional Javanese house. This architectural choice symbolizes rising steps.

The complex also includes a 99-meter-tall Al-Husna Tower, enhancing its grandeur.

Built as an integrated religious complex, the mosque serves as a place for religious practices and tourism.

The courtyard features U-shaped structures with horseshoe-shaped arches and modified Greek-style columns around a fountain pool, creating a serene environment.

For more information about this mosque, visit the Great Mosque of Central Java.

6. Taman Mini Indonesia Indah

Taman Mini Indonesia Indah is a cultural and recreational area in East Jakarta. Covering over 250 acres, this park showcases the diversity of Indonesia through 26 replicas of traditional houses from different regions, including Aceh, Sulawesi, and Papua.

Visitors can explore pavilions displaying the history, arts, and traditions of each province. The park also features museums, gardens, and theaters.

One of the highlights is the iconic golden snail IMAX theater, which was the only IMAX cinema in Indonesia until the 2010s.

Created in the 1970s by the wife of the then Indonesian President, Taman Mini has been managed by the government since 2021.

This park remains a popular destination for both locals and tourists looking to experience Indonesia’s rich cultural heritage. For more details, visit Taman Mini’s official website.

7. Trans Studio Bandung

Trans Studio Bandung is one of the largest indoor theme parks in the world. Located in Bandung, Indonesia, it spans 4.2 hectares (about 10 acres).

The park includes a shopping area called Trans Studio Mall, a 3-star hotel named ibis Bandung Trans Studio, and a 5-star luxury hotel.

Visitors can enjoy 20 fantastic rides divided into three different zones: Central Studio, Lost City, and more.

Each zone has a unique theme, with Central Studio featuring a Hollywood and New York style.

The park also offers a variety of attractions and entertainment options suitable for visitors of all ages. For more information, visit Trans Studio Bandung.

8. Jakarta Cathedral

Jakarta Cathedral, known in Indonesian as Gereja Katedral Jakarta, stands as a significant landmark in Indonesia’s capital. Its official name is Gereja Santa Maria Diangkat ke Surga, which means “The Church of Saint Mary Ascended to Heaven.”

The structure’s neo-gothic architecture is stunning and draws attention from both locals and tourists.

Construction of the cathedral was completed in 1901, after the original building collapsed in 1890.

This cathedral also serves as the seat of the Roman Catholic Archbishop of Jakarta.

You can visit the cathedral during its opening hours, usually from 06:00 to 12:00 and 15:30 to 21:00. It’s advisable to dress respectfully when visiting such a sacred place.

For those interested in culture and history, the Jakarta Cathedral is a must-see.

Its unique history and architectural design reflect a blend of Indonesian and European influences. It symbolizes unity in a diverse nation.

9. Baiturrahman Grand Mosque

Baiturrahman Grand Mosque, located in Banda Aceh, is a symbol of the Acehnese people’s spirit and resilience. This mosque has withstood the test of time, including surviving the 2004 Indian Ocean earthquake and tsunami.

The mosque, built by the Dutch in 1879 and completed in 1881, showcases stunning architecture with seven grand domes and seven minarets. The central tower stands at 35 meters tall.

Known for its unique design, Baiturrahman Grand Mosque is a landmark in Banda Aceh.

It represents one of the first examples of a domed mosque in Southeast Asia. This architectural marvel continues to draw visitors and worshippers alike.

For more information, visit the Baiturrahman Grand Mosque page.

10. Museum Satwa

Museum Satwa is located in Batu, East Java. This museum features various preserved animals and fossils from different continents.

Visitors can explore displays of extinct animals and an extensive collection of insects, with over 1,000 wildlife species on exhibit.

The museum is part of Jatim Park 2, a popular tourist destination. The fun and educational experience make it a perfect spot for families.

More details can be found on the official website.

11. Monumen Nasional (Monas)

Monumen Nasional, often called Monas, stands tall at 132 meters in Central Jakarta. This iconic landmark was built to commemorate Indonesia’s struggle for independence. The monument is located in the heart of Merdeka Square.

Monas features a flame at its peak, covered in gold leaf, symbolizing the nation’s spirit. The architecture includes a marble base, a concrete shaft, and a bronze flame.

Visitors can explore the observation deck for panoramic views of Jakarta.

Monas is a must-visit for anyone interested in Indonesia’s history and architectural achievements.

Learn more about visiting hours and other details on Visiting the Iconic National Monument MONAS.

12. Ancol Dreamland

Ancol Dreamland is located in Jakarta and is a key part of Ancol Bay City. It offers various attractions that cater to all ages.

These attractions include an amusement park, Beach Park, and water activities.

Ancol Dreamland is known as the largest theme park in Indonesia.

The park features roller coasters, rides, and displays that draw large crowds. It’s a popular spot for families, couples, and friends.

The Lagoon beach area hosts the Beach Park, which offers watersport activities.

Visitors can enjoy fresh air and beautiful beach views while engaging in thrilling water sports.

For more details, visit Ancol Dreamland’s official website or its Tripadvisor page.

13. House of Sampoerna

The House of Sampoerna is located in Surabaya, Indonesia. It’s a historic building with Dutch colonial influences, originally built in the 19th century.

In 1932, Liem Seeng Tee, the founder of Sampoerna, purchased the building. It became the first major cigarette factory for the company.

Today, it serves as a museum and tourist attraction.

Visitors can learn about the history of Sampoerna and the cigarette industry in Indonesia.

The architecture of the building is impressive, featuring distinct colonial-era designs.

It has become one of Surabaya’s most well-preserved historical sites.

For more information, you can visit the House of Sampoerna and enjoy its unique blend of history and architecture.

14. Museum Macan

Museum Macan, located in Kebon Jeruk, West Jakarta, is the first museum in Indonesia dedicated to modern and contemporary art.

It opened in 2017 and has since become a notable cultural destination.

The museum’s name, an acronym for Modern and Contemporary Art in Nusantara, reflects its focus.

The museum features both Indonesian and international artists, showcasing diverse and impactful works.

The museum covers 7,107 square meters, offering ample space for exhibitions.

It houses a permanent collection and also hosts temporary exhibitions, such as the Patricia Piccinini: CARE exhibit.

A highlight of Museum Macan is its immersive and interactive installations.

These exhibits provide visitors with a unique, engaging experience.

For more information, visit their official website or read about its significance on TIME.

15. Gedung Sate

Gedung Sate is a prominent landmark in Bandung, West Java, Indonesia. It showcases a blend of neoclassical architecture with native Indonesian elements.

Dutch architect J. Gerber designed this building, incorporating Hindu-Buddhist style in its construction.

The building was initially the seat of the Dutch East Indies department of state.

Today, it serves as the office for the Governor of West Java.

Visitors can take guided tours to learn about its history and design.

Climbing its tower offers a panoramic view of the city, making it a popular tourist attraction.

The area around Gedung Sate is famous for satay, a beloved local street food.

Located in central Bandung, it remains a symbol of the city’s rich cultural heritage.

For more details, visit the Gedung Sate Wikipedia page.

16. Tugu Pahlawan

Tugu Pahlawan, or the Heroes Monument, is an important landmark in Surabaya, East Java. It commemorates those who lost their lives during the Battle of Surabaya.

Standing at 41.15 meters tall, the monument symbolizes the bravery of Indonesian fighters.

The pillar-shaped structure is a central symbol of Surabaya.

To learn more about the history, visitors can explore the 10 November Museum, located beneath the monument.

17. The Hall Senayan

The Hall Senayan in Jakarta is a prime example of modern Indonesian architecture. Located in the heart of the city, this building serves as a prominent venue for events and exhibitions.

Designed with a sleek, contemporary style, The Hall Senayan stands out with its large glass facades and open spaces.

It offers state-of-the-art facilities for both local and international events.

The design of The Hall Senayan emphasizes functionality and aesthetics.

Its spacious interiors can be adapted for various purposes, from corporate meetings to large-scale public events.

This flexibility makes it a popular choice for diverse activities.

For more details, visit the official page on Sequis Tower / KPF.

18. Seraya Shores

Seraya Shores is located in Karangasem, Bali. This destination features seven simple thatched roof bungalows right by the sea.

Visitors can enjoy the sound of crashing waves and the unique black volcanic stone beach.

The bungalows have private terraces overlooking the ocean and lush greenery.

Each room includes a seating area with a sofa and semi-open bathrooms equipped with free toiletries.

Just a short drive away are popular attractions like the Karangasem Royal Palace and the Virgin Beach.

For those interested in a bit of culture, the Tirta Gangga Water Palace is nearby.

For more details, visit this review.

Peaceful and quiet, Seraya Shores offers a great place to relax and unwind.

19. Alun-Alun Kota Bandung

Alun-Alun Kota Bandung is a central park located in Bandung, Indonesia. It is known for its spacious grassy area and is a popular spot for locals to gather.

Overlooked by the Grand Mosque, it buzzes with activity at almost any time of day.

The park is a hub for street photography and social events.

Visitors can enjoy the scenic views and historical buildings nearby, such as Gedung Merdeka and Gedung De Vries.

Alun-Alun also features a public library which was completed in 2018.

It’s a place where both tourists and locals can immerse themselves in the city’s vibrant culture.

Many street food vendors add to the park’s lively atmosphere, making it a must-visit in Bandung.

Learn more about the attractions at Alun-Alun Bandung.

20. Plaza Senayan

Plaza Senayan is a notable shopping mall in Central Jakarta. It stands out for its luxury and exclusivity.

The mall features three floors filled with high-end brands like Dior, Bvlgari, and Coach. This makes it a go-to spot for upscale shopping.

Its location near Senayan makes it convenient for visitors. Families find it easily navigable due to its compact layout.

Plaza Senayan also offers fine dining options and gourmet food.

This enhances its appeal as more than just a retail hub.

For more details, visit Plaza Senayan.

Historical Context

Indonesia’s architectural landscape is a rich tapestry influenced by its colonial past and diverse indigenous cultures.

Colonial Influences

The Dutch East India Company began its presence in Indonesia in the early 17th century. This marked the start of heavy Dutch influence on Indonesian architecture.

Dutch colonial buildings often feature high ceilings, large windows, and extensive verandas to combat the tropical climate.

Prominent examples include Batavia’s Old Town, now Jakarta, which showcases many colonial structures.

Significant structures with Dutch influence are the Jakarta Cathedral and Lawang Sewu in Semarang.

These buildings reflect European styles like Baroque and Renaissance, adapted to local conditions.

Indigenous Architectural Styles

Indonesia’s indigenous architecture is as diverse as its many cultural groups. Each of the 34 provinces boasts unique architectural styles, reflecting local traditions and materials.

For instance, the Minangkabau houses in West Sumatra feature dramatic, curved roofs that symbolize buffalo horns.

In Bali, temples or pura, like the Pura Besakih, have intricate stone carvings and tiered roofs.

The Torajan people of Sulawesi are known for their tongkonan houses, which are elevated on wooden piles and decorated with vibrant motifs.

Modern Architectural Trends

Modern architecture in Indonesia embraces sustainability and technology. These trends focus on eco-friendly designs and integrating cutting-edge technology to improve building functionality and aesthetics.

Sustainable Design

In recent years, sustainable design has become crucial in Indonesian architecture.

Architects are incorporating green roofs, solar panels, and rainwater harvesting systems.

These features reduce buildings’ carbon footprints and make them more self-sufficient.

One notable example is the Museum of Space Available in Bali, which explores circular design practices.

Additionally, architects in Indonesia are using locally-sourced materials to minimize environmental impact.

Bamboo, reclaimed wood, and recycled materials are common choices.

These materials are not only eco-friendly but also lend a unique aesthetic to the buildings.

The growing trend towards green construction is shaping the future of architecture in the country.

Technological Innovations

Architects in Indonesia are also embracing technological innovations.

Smart buildings with automated systems for lighting, temperature control, and security are becoming more common.

These technologies enhance comfort and convenience while improving energy efficiency.

3D printing and prefabrication techniques are revolutionizing how buildings are designed and constructed.

These methods reduce construction time and costs while ensuring precision.

The rise of BIM (Building Information Modeling) software allows architects to create detailed 3D models, streamlining collaboration and reducing errors.

Innovative projects like the new capital city on Borneo, planned with cutting-edge technology and smart city concepts, showcase Indonesia’s architectural progress.

These trends are setting new standards for modern architecture in the region.

Cultural Significance

Buildings in Indonesia reflect deep religious symbolism and have a social impact, showing the nation’s rich cultural heritage and diverse history.

Religious Symbolism

Indonesian architecture is deeply intertwined with religion.

Temples such as Borobudur and Prambanan exhibit intricate stone carvings that convey tales from Buddhist and Hindu scriptures.

Borobudur, a UNESCO World Heritage Site, is a massive Buddhist temple built in the 9th century that stands as a testament to the spiritual devotion of its creators. Its stupas and stone reliefs are pilgrim attractions.

Mosques also play a crucial role.

The Istiqlal Mosque in Jakarta is the largest in Southeast Asia, symbolizing Indonesia’s Islamic population.

Traditional Balinese architecture incorporates Hindu beliefs, with temples like Pura Besakih, known as the Mother Temple, showcasing tiered shrines called Meru.

Social Impact

Architectural buildings in Indonesia often serve as community hubs.

Traditional houses like the Tongkonan of the Toraja people are not just homes but places for social gatherings and ceremonies.

These structures are built on stilts with boat-shaped roofs, reflecting local customs and communal harmony.

Urban structures also signify modernization and economic progress.

Wisma 46 in Jakarta, a prominent skyscraper, marks Indonesia’s rapid development.

Cultural centers like the Taman Mini Indonesia Indah in Jakarta provide a space for preserving and showcasing the diverse heritage of Indonesia’s multiple ethnic groups, promoting unity and education across the nation.