Surabaya, Indonesia, boasts a rich architectural heritage that reflects its vibrant history and culture. This bustling city is home to a fascinating mix of traditional and modern architectural styles, each telling a unique story about its evolution over the years.
What are the best architectural gems that Surabaya has to offer? This article explores ten of the finest architectural buildings in Surabaya, providing a glimpse into the diverse and innovative designs that make the city a captivating destination for architecture enthusiasts.
1. House of Sampoerna
The House of Sampoerna is a tobacco museum and headquarters of Sampoerna, located in Surabaya. Its architecture features Dutch colonial style, built in 1862.
It was originally used as an orphanage managed by the Dutch before being purchased by Liem Seeng Tee in 1932.
Liem Seeng Tee, the founder of Sampoerna, turned it into the company’s first cigarette factory. The building now serves as both a museum and an educational site.
Visitors can explore the history of Sampoerna and the cigarette industry in Indonesia. The compound is one of Surabaya’s most well-preserved historical sites. It showcases Dutch colonial influences and is considered a significant attraction in the city.
2. Hotel Majapahit
Hotel Majapahit, a landmark in Surabaya, is known for its elegant colonial architecture and beautiful gardens. Built in 1911, it has a rich history tied to Indonesia’s struggle for independence.
In November 1945, young revolutionaries tore off the blue part of the Dutch flag at this hotel.
Located in the heart of the city, Hotel Majapahit offers luxury with modern amenities and a famous spa. Surabaya, Indonesia’s second-largest city, provides a vibrant backdrop for this historic hotel.
Its Art Deco style and graceful design make it a top choice for travelers. The hotel is managed by Accor through its MGallery chain, ensuring a blend of historic charm and contemporary comfort.
Staying at Hotel Majapahit offers a unique experience, combining luxury with a deep sense of history. Its legacy as part of Indonesia’s path to independence makes it a notable destination.
3. Joko Dolog Statue
The Joko Dolog Statue is a historic Buddhist statue in Surabaya. It is located on Taman Aspari Street, in front of the East Java governor’s mansion.
The statue was made in 1289 AD to honor King Kertanegara, the last king of Singosari.
People believe the statue was transported to Surabaya about 300 years ago. The statue features Sanskrit inscriptions at its base, which tell the history of the Majapahit Kingdom. The statue is known for its cultural and historical importance in the region.
The Joko Dolog Statue is situated in Apsari Park. It is a popular destination for tourists and locals who are interested in history and spirituality. The area around the statue is often filled with the aroma of incense, adding to its unique atmosphere.
Visiting this statue offers a glimpse into the rich cultural past of Surabaya and East Java. You can learn more about the Joko Dolog Statue and its significance to the local heritage.
4. Surabaya Submarine Monument
The Surabaya Submarine Monument, also known as Monumen Kapal Selam, is located in the heart of Surabaya. It features the KRI Pasopati 410, a real submarine used by the Indonesian Navy.
Visitors can explore the interior of the submarine and learn about its historical role in Indonesia’s maritime defense. The submarine offers a close look at naval warfare exhibits.
Constructed in 1952 in Russia, the KRI Pasopati 410 played a significant part in various naval missions. The monument is a fascinating stop for anyone interested in military history.
5. Tugu Pahlawan
Tugu Pahlawan, also known as the Heroes Monument, stands as a central symbol in Surabaya, Indonesia. Erected to honor those who died in the Battle of Surabaya, the monument is a significant historical landmark.
Located at Jalan Pahlawan, the monument reaches a height of 41.15 meters. Its tall, pillar-shaped structure commemorates the bravery of the Indonesian fighters from the 1945 conflict.
Next to Tugu Pahlawan is the 10 November Museum. Visitors can learn more about the battle and the history behind the monument. The museum offers free access for students and is open daily.
This landmark remains a proud testament to Indonesia’s fight for freedom, making it a must-visit site in Surabaya.
6. Cheng Hoo Mosque
The Cheng Hoo Mosque in Surabaya stands out due to its unique architecture. Named after the 15th-century Ming Dynasty admiral Zheng He, it blends Chinese, Malaysian, and Indonesian design elements.
The mosque was built in 1653 by Chinese Muslim settlers, making it one of the oldest mosques in Indonesia. Its architectural style resembles a pagoda, with a detailed and ornate exterior.
Inside, the mosque features a polished marble floor and a conical ceiling. This design helps to keep the interior cool and comfortable, even in hot weather.
The mosque has a capacity of 200 people, allowing it to host large gatherings for worship. It is located at Kampus ITS, Jalan Raya ITS Campus, Sukolilo, Kota Surabaya, Jawa Timur 60111, Indonesia. For more information, visitors can contact +62-31-5931221.
7. Grahadi Building
The Grahadi Building is a notable example of Dutch colonial architecture in Surabaya. Constructed in the early 20th century, it reflects the style of the Dutch Indies government.
Located on Gubernur Suryo Street, the building is not far from Tunjungan Plaza. Grahadi serves as the official residence of the East Java Governor and includes a convention hall.
The architecture is dominated by straight lines and balanced composition, giving it a monumental appearance. The building has been well-maintained and remains in good condition.
Visitors to Grahadi can appreciate its historical significance and architectural beauty. The name “Grahadi” is derived from Sanskrit, meaning “High House.” This adds to its cultural importance.
Explore more about the Grahadi Building at Tripadvisor.
8. Klenteng Sanggar Agung
Klenteng Sanggar Agung is located in Surabaya, within the Pantai Ria amusement park. It is also known as Hong San Tang. This temple serves as a place of worship for Tridharma followers and a tourist attraction.
The temple, opened in 1999, blends traditional Chinese temple architecture with Javanese and Balinese cultural elements. One of its standout features is the 20-meter tall statue of the Goddess of Mercy placed at the seafront.
Klenteng Sanggar Agung also features the Four Faced Buddha Statue, which is locally known as Patung. The address is Jalan Sukolilo No. 100, Kenjeran, Surabaya. Visitors can explore the temple daily from 7:00 AM to 8:00 PM.
For more details, you can visit the Sanggar Agung Temple link.
9. Ciputra World Surabaya
Ciputra World Surabaya is a landmark in the city, located along Maj. Gen. Sungkono Avenue in West Surabaya. It’s known for its modern design and multifunctional use.
This complex features a large shopping center, office building, and a 5-star hotel. It’s developed on a 9-hectare site, making it one of the largest developments in the area.
The Ciputra World Surabaya offers a unique blend of business, lifestyle, and leisure facilities. The office tower, part of this complex, provides an eco-friendly workspace for modern businesses.
Learn more about Ciputra World Surabaya by visiting their website.
10. Al-Akbar Mosque
Al-Akbar Mosque in Surabaya is a prominent architectural landmark. It boasts a modern design that sets it apart from traditional mosques in Indonesia. The mosque was designed by architect Omar Atam Syarib.
The minaret, standing at 99 meters, honors the 99 Names of Allah. The building and its facilities cover a wide area, totaling 22,300 square meters. The uniqueness of its design attracts many visitors.
Inside, the mosque’s interior is vast and spacious. It can accommodate a large number of worshippers. Its strategic location in South Surabaya makes it accessible from various parts of the city.
Historical Significance of Surabaya’s Architecture
Surabaya’s architecture tells a rich story of its past, reflecting both colonial influences and developments after Indonesia gained independence.
Influence of Colonial Era
During the colonial era, Surabaya became an essential port city under Dutch rule. The architecture from this period prominently features Dutch colonial styles.
Buildings like De Javasche Bank, now a museum, showcase the classic Indo-colonial architectural style, characterized by tall windows and ornate detailing.
This architecture not only tells of the economic and administrative control the Dutch had but also highlights the blend of European and local design elements.
Another key structure is House of Sampoerna, which stands as one of Surabaya’s most well-preserved historical sites, representing the commercial and cultural exchange during the colonial period.
Post-Independence Developments
After Indonesia gained independence, Surabaya saw a shift in architectural styles, reflecting a new national identity. Modernist styles started to emerge, symbolizing progress and freedom.
Notable examples include the Tugu Pahlawan monument, commemorating the Battle of Surabaya in 1945.
This monument, unveiled in 1951, includes carvings that evoke the spirit of independence.
Post-independence architecture often mixes traditional Indonesian elements with modern design, creating unique and functional buildings that serve both public and private needs.
The city’s contemporary skyline, with its mix of skyscrapers and traditional structures, represents the blend of historical reverence and forward-looking ambition.
Architectural Styles in Surabaya
Surabaya’s architecture is a blend of historical influences and modern innovations. Buildings in the city showcase Dutch colonial designs, modernist trends, and contemporary styles, each contributing to Surabaya’s unique urban landscape.
Dutch Colonial
Dutch colonial architecture in Surabaya reflects its historical roots.
Key features include ornate facades, high roofs, and large windows, providing both functionality and aesthetic appeal.
The Gedung Algemeene on Jalan Jembatan Merah, designed by Hendrik Petrus Berlage, is a prime example. This building showcases symmetrical layouts and decorative elements.
Sturdy materials, such as brick and stone, were commonly used, contributing to the durability of these structures.
Public buildings, homes, and even commercial structures bear the hallmarks of this era, offering a glimpse into the city’s colonial past.
Modernism
Modernism in Surabaya’s architecture emerged in the mid-20th century, focusing on simplicity and functionality. This style contrasts sharply with the ornate designs of the colonial period.
Notable modernist features include clean lines, minimal ornamentation, and the use of modern materials like concrete and glass.
Buildings often have flat roofs and open floor plans, emphasizing usability over decoration.
Modernist landmarks include office buildings and residential blocks that prioritize efficient use of space. The design philosophy seeks to blend form and function seamlessly.
Contemporary Designs
Contemporary architecture in Surabaya highlights innovative and eco-friendly designs, making use of technology and sustainable materials.
These designs often combine elements of both traditional and modern styles.
For example, new residential and commercial spaces feature green roofs, solar panels, and other energy-efficient systems.
Many buildings incorporate local cultural elements, creating a unique fusion of old and new.
Architects strive to create structures that are not only eye-catching but also environmentally responsible. This approach reflects global trends while staying true to Surabaya’s cultural identity.
Renowned Architects and Their Contributions
Surabaya’s architectural landscape has been shaped by both local and international architects. Their designs reflect the city’s historical richness and modern aspirations.
Notable Local Architects
Local architects have played a key role in defining Surabaya’s architectural identity. One significant figure is Han Awal, known for restoring colonial-era buildings while integrating modern elements.
His focus on preserving heritage enhances the city’s unique character.
Another notable architect is Andra Matin. Matin’s works blend contemporary design with traditional Indonesian elements.
His ability to innovate while respecting cultural heritage is evident in buildings like the Omah Library, which showcases sleek lines paired with local materials.
Several local firms also contribute to urban reinvention. For example, firms like Budi Pradono Architects are noted for their tropical modernist designs.
These firms help merge functional urban spaces with green, sustainable concepts.
International Influences
The international influence on Surabaya’s architecture is significant.
During the city’s colonial period, Dutch architects introduced neoclassical and Art Deco styles.
These styles are visible in many of the older sections of Surabaya, such as the iconic Gedung Singa.
Due to its role as a trading hub, Surabaya also saw input from other European architects.
This blend of styles has resulted in a diverse architectural fabric that appeals to both tourists and locals.
International firms continue to leave their mark.
Modern skyscrapers and contemporary public buildings often have design inputs from renowned global architects, further enhancing the city’s skyline.