Hangzhou, China, is renowned for its rich cultural heritage and stunning architectural landmarks. The city offers a blend of ancient and modern designs, making it a fascinating destination for architecture enthusiasts and tourists alike.
From historic pagodas to contemporary theaters, Hangzhou showcases a diverse range of structures that reflect its dynamic history and innovative future.
What are the must-see architectural buildings in Hangzhou that captivate visitors from around the world? This article explores the ten best architectural buildings in Hangzhou, highlighting their unique features and significance.
Whether you’re planning a visit or simply curious about architectural marvels, this guide provides valuable insights into the city’s most iconic structures.
1. Liuhe Pagoda
Liuhe Pagoda, also known as the Six Harmonies Pagoda, is a significant architectural marvel located in the southern part of Hangzhou. Situated at the foot of Yuelun Hill, it faces the Qiantang River, offering breathtaking views.
First built in 970 AD during the Wuyue Kingdom, the pagoda has a rich history. It was destroyed in 1121 and fully rebuilt in 1165 during the Southern Song Dynasty. The structure exemplifies ancient Chinese architecture with its multi-story design.
The interior of Liuhe Pagoda features intricate wall paintings and carvings. Visitors can climb its 200 wooden stairs to see bird and fish sculptures. The red and blue shades used in its decorations are striking.
Liuhe Pagoda stands out not just for its history but also for its strategic location. Its height and placement make it an excellent spot for panoramic views of the surrounding area. For more details, visit the Liuhe Pagoda travel guide.
2. Leifeng Pagoda
Leifeng Pagoda is a landmark in Hangzhou. It was originally built in 975 AD during the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms period. The structure was commissioned by King Zhongyi of Wuyue for his concubine, Consort Huang.
Standing on the south end of the West Lake, Leifeng Pagoda is an octagonal, five-story tower made of brick and wood. It provides stunning views of the surrounding scenic area. The pagoda has been rebuilt several times due to damage over the centuries, including an incident involving Japanese pirates during the Ming Dynasty.
Today, visitors can explore this historic site and learn about its rich history and the legends that surround it. The remains of the original pagoda are displayed in a glass case for viewing. For more details, visit Leifeng Pagoda at the ChinaTravel website.
3. Baochu Pagoda
Baochu Pagoda is a notable landmark in Hangzhou, standing on top of Precious Stone Hill. The pagoda dates back to the 10th century and was originally built during the reign of Wu Yue King Qian Liu. It has undergone several reconstructions over the centuries, most notably in 1933.
The pagoda has seven stories and reaches a height of 45 meters, giving it a slender and elegant appearance. Its location just north of West Lake makes it a popular spot for visitors.
Surrounding the pagoda, visitors can enjoy ancient pavilions and other historical structures that add to the scenic beauty of the area. The view of the pagoda against the backdrop of the lake creates a picturesque setting ideal for photography and relaxation.
For those visiting Hangzhou, Baochu Pagoda is accessible via public transport, with a short walk from Geling Station. Entry is free, and the area is open all day. More details can be found at TravelChinaGuide.
Qianjiang New City
Located in the heart of Hangzhou, Qianjiang New City is a modern urban district renowned for its architectural marvels. The area is a blend of commercial, residential, and cultural buildings, making it a key destination for both locals and visitors.
The district is home to the Qianjiang New City Future School, a groundbreaking project by 10 Design. This school doubles as a community space and introduces a new approach to educational architecture.
Qianjiang New City also features high-rise buildings and green spaces, creating a balanced urban environment. The architecture in this district reflects contemporary design trends, incorporating sustainability and innovation.
Cultural landmarks, such as the Hangzhou Opera House and the Zhejiang University City College, further enhance the district’s appeal. These buildings showcase Qianjiang New City’s dedication to combining functionality with aesthetic beauty.
5. Grand Canal
The Grand Canal in Hangzhou is one of the oldest and longest man-made canals in the world. It stretches from Beijing in the north all the way to Hangzhou in the south.
Built over 2,500 years ago, it is an engineering marvel. The canal has played a crucial role in the transport and trade history of China.
Alongside the canal, visitors can explore ancient temples and modern parks. Hangzhou’s section of the canal offers picturesque views of the waterways, bridges, and traditional architecture.
Tourists can also enjoy the beautiful views of the Hangzhou Grand Canal at Xiaohe Park, designed by Kengo Kuma & Associates. This park took over an old industrial site and offers a blend of nature and history.
To learn more, visit the Hangzhou Grand Canal page.
6. Hangzhou East Railway Station
Hangzhou East Railway Station is a major transportation hub in Hangzhou, China. Completed in 2014, it serves as a key point for both high-speed and regular rail services.
Designed by CSADI, the station spans several levels. Its design integrates various modes of transport, making it an efficient hub for travelers.
The station’s architecture is modern and functional. The spacious interior features clean lines and ample natural light, enhancing the travel experience.
Numerous amenities are available within the station, including shops and restaurants. The surrounding area also features unique architectural buildings and public art, adding to the station’s appeal.
Hangzhou East Railway Station is well-connected, with easy access via subway and taxi. It is a convenient starting point for exploring the city and beyond.
7. Xixi National Wetland Park
Xixi National Wetland Park is a unique blend of nature and architecture. Located on the outskirts of Hangzhou, this park spans 1,150 hectares. It showcases the harmonious relationship between water, landscape, and human design.
The park has been shaped by humans for over a thousand years. Approximately 70 percent of the park is covered in water, making it a serene and picturesque location.
David Chipperfield Architects designed the Xixi Wetland Estate within the park. The estate features a village-like arrangement of stone dwellings, integrating seamlessly with the natural surroundings.
Visitors to Xixi can enjoy scenic views, traditional boat rides, and various cultural activities. It’s a perfect spot for those who appreciate both natural beauty and architectural innovation.
Learn more about the Xixi Wetland Estate at ArchDaily and Architect Magazine.
8. Lingyin Temple
Lingyin Temple is one of the oldest and most famous temples in Hangzhou. It has a history of nearly 1,700 years. Known as the “Temple of the Soul’s Retreat,” it is surrounded by luxurious forests.
Visitors can marvel at the towering trees and numerous pagodas. The temple also features impressive Buddhist grottoes. The Hall of the Great Hero houses a magnificent statue of Sakyamuni.
This statue is 19 meters tall and sits on a 10.5-meter-high lotus flower. The temple also boasts vibrant sculptures of 150 Buddhas behind the main statue.
Lingyin Temple has been rebuilt sixteen times since 326 AD. The current buildings are modern restorations of late Qing structures. The serene atmosphere and historical significance make it a must-visit destination.
Discover more about Lingyin Temple during your visit to Hangzhou.
9. Phoenix Mosque
Phoenix Mosque is one of the four great mosques in China. Located in the Shangcheng District of Hangzhou, it holds historical and cultural significance.
The mosque dates back to the Tang or Song dynasty. It was originally built in 1221 and has been renovated multiple times. The architectural design resembles a flying phoenix, hence its name.
Visitors can explore the vibrant Qinghefang street and enjoy the views of West Lake nearby. The mosque offers an enriching experience through its unique historical background and elegant architecture. You can learn more about it by visiting the Phoenix Mosque.
10. Hangzhou Olympic Sports Center
The Hangzhou Olympic Sports Center is a striking architectural feat in Hangzhou, China. Completed in 2019, it serves as a major venue for sports and public events. Its design is inspired by the lotus flower, giving it a unique and visually appealing look.
The stadium can accommodate up to 80,000 spectators. It features petal-like cladding that wraps around the entire structure. This design not only adds to its beauty but also enhances its functionality.
Sustainability was a key focus in the design. The center uses 67% less steel compared to the Beijing Olympic Stadium, making it both eco-friendly and cost-effective. This feature underscores its commitment to reducing carbon and material use.
The location along the riverside adds to its appeal. It is designed by NBBJ, a globally recognized architecture firm. This choice further emphasizes Hangzhou’s commitment to world-class architecture.
Architectural Styles in Hangzhou
Hangzhou boasts a diverse range of architectural styles, from ancient Chinese structures to cutting-edge modern designs. This blend of tradition and innovation offers a unique visual experience for visitors.
Traditional Chinese Architecture
Traditional Chinese architecture in Hangzhou is characterized by intricate wooden structures, curved roofs, and elaborate decorative art.
Key examples include the Lingyin Temple, which features stunning pagodas and ancient halls. The Southern Song Imperial Street showcases historical buildings with classic eaves and ornamental details, reminiscent of the Song Dynasty.
Another important site is the Hangzhou Qiantang River Bridge. Though modern in construction, its design respects traditional Chinese aesthetics, merging historical significance with contemporary utility. Visitors often admire the blend of ancient artistry and engineering feats in these structures.
Modern Architectural Innovations
Modern architecture in Hangzhou is marked by its sleek, innovative designs and high-tech integrations.
The Hangzhou Grand Theatre stands out with its futuristic facade and advanced stage technology, designed by Canadian architect Carlos Ott. This venue not only serves as a cultural hub but also as an architectural marvel.
Another notable example is the “One Future” skyscrapers designed by Aedas, featuring round edges and towering at 150 meters high. These buildings are part of the city’s push towards modernization, offering a glimpse into Hangzhou’s architectural future. These structures highlight the city’s commitment to evolving with contemporary trends while maintaining functionality and artistic appeal.
Cultural and Historical Significance
The architectural heritage of Hangzhou reflects its rich cultural history and its harmonious integration with nature. Ancient dynasties and the natural landscapes have left significant marks on the city’s buildings.
Influence of Dynasties
Hangzhou’s architecture is deeply influenced by various dynasties, especially during the Southern Song Dynasty.
One notable structure is the Baochu Pagoda, which dates back to the 10th century. This pagoda has undergone reconstruction, reflecting the city’s evolving architectural styles.
The General Yue Fei Memorial is another example from the 12th century, emphasizing the city’s dedication to honoring historical figures.
The Cheng Huang Pavilion, although reconstructed in the 1990s, showcases traditional design elements popularized during various historic periods.
Another key structure is the Hu Xue-yan House, built in 1872, exemplifying the opulence of wealthy individuals during the Qing Dynasty.
Integration of Nature and Architecture
Hangzhou’s architecture beautifully blends with its natural surroundings, especially around West Lake.
Many ancient pavilions and pagodas, like the Pagoda of Six Harmonies and Leifeng Pagoda, are strategically placed to enhance the scenic beauty.
The West Lake Museum integrates steel and glass architecture, offering panoramic views of the lake while connecting visitors to its cultural and historical significance.
The city’s unique designs are not just about aesthetics but also about creating harmony between man-made structures and natural landscapes, reflecting traditional Chinese principles of balance and unity.