Patna is known for its rich historical and cultural heritage, reflected in its architectural beauty. The city has a mix of ancient monuments and modern structures that tell stories of its past and present.
Exploring these architectural gems offers insights into Patna’s diverse architectural evolution.
From grand museums to iconic buildings, Patna’s skyline is adorned with structures that captivate both locals and visitors alike.
Each building showcases unique design elements and historical significance, making them must-visit landmarks in the city.
1. Golghar
Golghar, meaning “Round House,” is a historical granary located in Patna, Bihar, India. Constructed in 1786 by Captain John Garstin, it served as a massive storage space for grains.
Standing at 29 meters tall with a diameter between 32 to 35 meters, its unique architecture makes it an iconic landmark in Patna.
Its 3.6-meter-thick brick walls are designed to withstand immense weight.
A spiral staircase encircles the structure, offering breathtaking views of the city and the nearby Ganga River.
A peculiar feature of Golghar is that its doors open inward, which prevents it from being filled to its maximum capacity.
Today, Golghar remains a popular tourist attraction. It stands as a testament to both historical engineering and the rich heritage of Patna.
2. Patna Planetarium
Patna Planetarium, also known as Indira Gandhi Planetarium, is a major attraction in Patna. It is situated at the Indira Gandhi Science Complex.
This planetarium is one of the largest in Asia and offers captivating shows about the cosmos.
Constructed by the Bihar Council on Science & Technology, Patna Planetarium cost around ₹110 million. It remains a significant scientific and educational site.
Visitors of all ages can enjoy its informative programs.
The planetarium is easily accessible, located at the heart of the city.
Its shows use advanced technology to present stars, planets, and other celestial phenomena. This makes it a popular spot for students and tourists.
The building itself has a unique architectural design. Its modern features stand out amidst Patna’s historical structures. For more details, check Patna Planetarium.
3. Bihar Museum
The Bihar Museum in Patna stands as a modern architectural marvel designed by Maki and Associates with Opolis. Construction began in June 2013 and completed by October 2017.
The structure incorporates materials like Corten steel and black granite.
This museum houses artifacts that trace the rich history of Bihar, including items from the Magadhan Empire.
Its design focuses on providing a seamless flow between indoor and outdoor spaces, enhancing the visitor experience.
Bihar Museum is notable for its innovative use of steel and granite.
The exterior and interior spaces blend artfully, showcasing the cultural heritage of the region. This design approach has garnered appreciation for its simplicity and elegance.
Visit Bihar Museum to explore the contributions of Bihar to history and civilization.
4. Patna Sahib Gurudwara
Patna Sahib Gurudwara is one of the most important religious sites in Patna. It marks the birthplace of Guru Gobind Singh, the tenth Sikh Guru, born on December 22, 1666.
The gurudwara showcases a blend of Mughal and Rajput architecture. Its white marble facade and golden dome create a stunning view. The expansive courtyard adds to its grandeur.
Maharaja Ranjit Singh, the first Maharaja of the Sikh Empire, commissioned the construction of the gurudwara in the early 19th century to honor Guru Gobind Singh’s birthplace.
Daily prayers, called ardaas, are held at the gurudwara, attracting both devotees and tourists. These ceremonies offer a glimpse into the rich traditions of Sikhism.
5. Agam Kuan
Agam Kuan is an ancient well located in Patna, India. It is often associated with the Mauryan emperor Ashoka. The well is part of the city’s rich heritage and history.
The term “Agam Kuan” means “unfathomable well.” It is about 105 feet deep and has a diameter of 20.2 feet.
The upper part of the well is lined with brick, while the remaining part is supported by wooden rings.
Historically, it is said that the well was used during the time of Ashoka, around 304-232 BCE. It is believed to have been part of his infamous torture chambers, known as “Ashoka’s Hell.”
Agam Kuan is not only an important archaeological site but also a popular spot for history enthusiasts.
Its unique structure, including eight arched windows, makes it a fascinating site to visit.
For more details, you can visit the Wikipedia page on Agam Kuan and Incredible India.
6. Patna University Library
The Patna University Library is a significant architectural landmark in Patna. It showcases a blend of colonial and contemporary design elements.
Founded in the early 20th century, the library serves as a hub for students and researchers.
The building’s large windows and high ceilings provide natural light, creating an ideal study environment.
Inside, the library houses an extensive collection of books, journals, and manuscripts. Its spacious reading rooms offer a quiet place for study and research.
The exterior of the library is characterized by its elegant brickwork and well-maintained gardens. This adds to the aesthetic appeal and offers a peaceful setting for visitors.
For more information, you can visit the Patna University website.
7. Patna Secretariat
The Patna Secretariat is a notable landmark in Patna, India. Designed by the famed architect Joseph Munnings, it was built by Martin Burn of Calcutta between 1913 and 1917.
This colonial building is admired for its architectural beauty and grandeur. It features a distinct tall clock tower, adding to its elegance.
The Secretariat is situated between the Raj Bhavan and the Patna High Court, making it a central administrative hub. It remains a significant part of the city’s heritage.
Visitors often appreciate its historical and architectural significance. The blend of British colonial style with local elements makes it unique.
Explore more about the Patna Secretariat by visiting its Wikipedia page.
8. Bihar Legislative Assembly
The Bihar Legislative Assembly, also known as the Council Chamber, is a significant landmark in Patna. Designed by A M Millwood, it reflects a “free Renaissance style” that complements the Patna Secretariat’s grandeur.
This double-storied building, completed in 1920, stands as a testament to the architectural elegance of its time.
Though ready by the end of 1920, the building’s inaugural session marked its importance in Bihar’s governance.
Recently, the centenary of the Bihar Legislative Assembly was celebrated, highlighting its enduring legacy.
A ceremonial pillar was erected in its premises to commemorate this milestone, reinforcing its historical and architectural significance.
For more on its design and centenary celebrations, visit the Bihar Assembly building article.
9. Eco Park
Eco Park, also known as Rajdhani Vatika, is a serene green space located in the heart of Patna, Bihar. The park was inaugurated in October 2011 by Nitish Kumar, the Chief Minister of Bihar.
The park covers an area of 5 hectares, providing a perfect escape from the city’s hustle and bustle. It offers a refreshing environment with over 3,000 types of flora.
There are various attractions for visitors, including a children’s playground, cycling and jogging trails, and boating rides.
Eco Park features natural theme decorations and occasionally hosts sculpture shows.
For those interested in visiting, the entry fee for adults is Rs. 20 and for children between 5 and 11 years, it is Rs. 10. Children below 5 years have free entry. You can find more information here.
10. Patna High Court
The Patna High Court is a landmark building in the city of Patna. Built in a neo-classical style, it was formally inaugurated on February 3, 1916, by Viceroy Lord Charles Hardinge.
Recognized as one of the finest specimens of European architecture, the High Court stands as a significant historical structure. Its construction was pursued with great effort to ensure its prominence and durability.
In recent years, a new Centenary building was inaugurated to accommodate the growing needs of the judiciary.
This new addition boasts 43 modern courtrooms, enhancing the court’s capacity to serve the public efficiently. The main building, still functional, remains an architectural gem of Patna.
Historical Significance
Patna boasts numerous buildings rich in historical significance. Key structures from the colonial era and notable developments post-independence reflect the city’s diverse architectural heritage.
Colonial Era Structures
Patna’s history during the British Raj era is evident through several iconic buildings.
The Golghar is a notable granary built by the British in 1786. It was designed to store grains in response to a famine and displays impressive stupa-like architecture.
The Patna High Court, established in 1916, showcases colonial architectural styles with its grand facade and spacious halls.
Another key building is the Government House, which served British officials and reflects Colonial-era European designs with extensive gardens and classic architectural elements.
The city also has the St. Luke’s Church located on Patna-Buxar Road, established during British rule. Its Gothic architecture includes stained glass windows and high arches, representing British religious architecture of the time.
Post-Independence Developments
Post-independence, Patna witnessed several new architectural developments that blend modernity with traditional designs.
The Patna Museum, established in 1917 but seeing significant growth post-1947, holds vast collections of Indian art, artifacts, and exhibits.
The Indira Gandhi Planetarium, built after 1989, combines advanced design with educational value. It showcases India’s achievements in space research.
The Gandhi Maidan, a large urban park developed further post-independence, is the site of several historic speeches by Indian leaders like Mahatma Gandhi.
Moreover, Maurya Hotel, opened in 1976, reflects contemporary styles and caters to modern tourism and business needs. Its architecture balances functional design with elements inspired by local traditions. These structures collectively narrate Patna’s journey through modern India’s history.
Architectural Styles
Patna boasts a blend of traditional Indian architecture and modern design influences. This mix reflects the city’s rich cultural heritage and its evolving landscape.
Traditional Indian Architecture
Traditional Indian architecture in Patna can be seen in many historical buildings.
Structures like Golghar, an impressive granary, showcase the use of brick walls and round designs.
This building has thick walls measuring 3.6 meters.
Another example is the old Patna City area, also known as Patna Saheb, which holds great importance for Sikhs.
The birthplace of Guru Gobind Singh, the tenth Sikh Guru, it is a place of high regard featuring classic architectural elements such as intricately designed arches and domes.
Modern Design Influences
Modern architecture in Patna blends contemporary aesthetics with advanced technology.
Firms like VBS Architecture Design Studio focus on innovative solutions, designing both traditional and futuristic homes.
Some residential architects specialize in modern replicas of traditional styles. This approach merges new technology with time-honored designs, creating unique structures.
Architectural firms in Patna aim to make the city look better by incorporating sleek lines, smart layouts, and sustainable materials into their projects. This trend reflects a fresh direction in Patna’s urban and residential landscape.
Architectural Preservation Efforts
Patna’s rich architectural heritage requires active measures to ensure its preservation. The government and local communities both play critical roles in these efforts.
Government Initiatives
The government has been instrumental in conservation architecture in Patna.
Key initiatives include funding for restoration projects, legal protections for heritage buildings, and the promotion of sustainable tourism to increase public awareness.
The Archaeological Survey of India (ASI) prioritizes restoring historic structures like the Golghar and the Patna College buildings.
Stringent building codes and regular inspections ensure compliance with preservation standards. Financial grants are available for private owners willing to maintain their heritage properties.
Role of Local Communities
Local communities significantly contribute to architectural preservation.
Neighborhood associations and cultural groups often collaborate with experts to restore and maintain historic structures.
Public participation includes heritage walks, educational workshops, and community funding drives.
Efforts by groups such as the Indian National Trust for Art and Cultural Heritage (INTACH) help protect sites like Patna Saheb.
Local artisans and craftsmen also play a part in keeping traditional building techniques alive.
These diverse community efforts ensure that Patna’s architectural legacy continues to thrive.