Located on State Street in Chicago, the Marshall Field and Company Building is a testament to architectural greatness and historical significance.
Designed by Daniel Burnham, this landmark exemplifies the Beaux-Arts and Commercial styles, making it a masterpiece in Chicago’s architectural landscape.
The building, initially constructed between 1901 and 1902, underwent multiple expansions in the following years, showcasing the evolution of early 20th-century architecture.
The Marshall Field and Company Building, now housing Macy’s on State Street, was the flagship store for Marshall Field & Company.
Its grandeur and detailed design make it a standout among Chicago landmarks.
The building’s iconic clocks and elaborate interior reflect the ambition and vision of its creators.
They aimed to offer more than just a shopping destination but a landmark that defines a part of Chicago’s identity.
Celebrated for its architectural innovation, the building was designated a National Historic Landmark and a Chicago Landmark.
The involvement of notable architects like Daniel H. Burnham and Charles Atwood contributed to its status as the “grande dame” of department store buildings.
This designation ensures the building remains a cherished piece of Chicago’s cultural heritage.
Learn more about the history and architecture of the Marshall Field and Company Building.
Historical Significance
The Marshall Field and Company Building in Chicago is notable for its historical impact, from its inception to its transformation into a Macy’s store.
Key events include its founding, survival and rebuilding after the Great Chicago Fire, and its eventual transition to Macy’s.
Founding and Development
Marshall Field’s began as a small dry goods store named P. Palmer & Co. In 1865, Marshall Field and Levi Leiter became partners.
Known for luxury goods and customer service, the store grew rapidly.
By 1906, the current building was completed.
Architect Daniel Burnham designed it in the Beaux-Arts and Commercial styles.
This building highlighted innovative merchandising and grand architectural design that made it a Landmark on the National Register of Historic Places.
Great Chicago Fire and Rebuilding
The Great Chicago Fire of 1871 devastated much of the city, including Marshall Field’s store.
Despite this, the company quickly rebuilt on State Street, marking a significant period of growth.
Post-fire, Marshall Field focused on rebuilding with robust, fireproof materials. This ensured the new building would stand resilient.
The rebuilt store set a precedent for fire-resistant construction, influencing future architectural practices in Chicago.
Transition to Macy’s
Marshall Field’s was a Chicago institution for over a century.
In 2005, Federated Department Stores announced that all Marshall Field’s stores would convert to Macy’s.
This announcement met with public resistance but proceeded in 2006.
The building, now Macy’s on State Street, retains much of its original architectural charm while incorporating modern retail practices.
The transition marked the end of an era for the local brand but connected the historic site to a nationwide development in retail history.
Learn more about the architecture and history of Marshall Field & Company on Wikipedia or the Chicago Architecture Foundation.
Architectural Design
The Marshall Field and Company Building in Chicago showcases a blend of Beaux-Arts design, an impressive Tiffany ceiling, and iconic exterior clocks. These features make the building a significant landmark in architectural history.
Beaux-Arts Styling
The Marshall Field and Company Building is an excellent example of Beaux-Arts architecture, a style known for its grandeur and detailed ornamentation.
Designed by Daniel Burnham, the building incorporates symmetry, classic lines, and elaborate decorative elements.
The façade of the building features large arched windows, paired columns, and sculpted figures.
These design elements reflect the influence of classical Greek and Roman architecture.
The structure was built in two key phases, starting with the north end in 1901-02 and the south end in 1905-06.
Tiffany Ceiling and Atrium Features
One of the most remarkable features inside the Marshall Field and Company Building is the Tiffany ceiling, which is located in the atrium.
This stunning feature consists of more than 1.6 million pieces of iridescent glass.
Completed in 1907, the ceiling is the largest unbroken stretch of Tiffany glass in the world.
The atrium beneath the ceiling is equally impressive with its grand staircase, marble floors, and ornamental railings.
These elements work together to create a luxurious and inviting atmosphere.
The Great Clocks
The building’s exterior is marked by its famous Great Clocks, which are located at each corner of the structure.
Designed by Norman Waite, these clocks have been a city landmark since their installation in 1897.
Each clock is nearly three stories tall and weighs several tons.
Beyond their functional purpose, they serve as iconic symbols of the building and remain a popular meeting spot for locals and visitors alike.
The Great Clocks embody the importance of time in a bustling retail environment and add to the building’s historical significance.
Learn more about the building’s rich history and architectural features.
Cultural and Commercial Impact
The Marshall Field and Company Building has significantly influenced Chicago’s economy, achieved an iconic status among residents, and pioneered several business innovations.
Influence on Chicago’s Economy
The Marshall Field and Company Building has been a cornerstone of Chicago’s retail industry since its inception.
Covering nearly 1.3 million square feet, this colossal structure provided thousands of jobs, both directly and indirectly.
The economic activity generated by the building extended beyond retail, benefiting local suppliers and service providers.
By attracting shoppers from across the region, the building contributed to the city’s tourism and overall economic health.
Its presence on State Street reinforced Chicago’s reputation as a commercial hub, fostering a vibrant business environment that encouraged further investment in the area.
Iconic Status among Chicago Residents
For many Chicagoans, the Marshall Field and Company Building is more than just a retail space; it is an integral part of the city’s identity.
Known for its opulent design and holiday window displays, it has become a beloved landmark.
Traditions such as the Great Tree and the Walnut Room holiday lunch have created lasting memories for generations of families.
The building’s historical and architectural significance further cements its status, symbolizing Chicago’s rich cultural heritage.
Today, it continues to draw visitors who cherish its legacy and contribute to its ongoing story.
Business ‘Firsts’ and Innovations
Marshall Field’s was known for pioneering several retail innovations that have become standard practice. They introduced the first in-store restaurants, allowing customers to dine without leaving the shopping experience.
This concept set a precedent for retail spaces integrating food and beverage options.
The building also featured one of the earliest examples of a customer loyalty program. Additionally, Marshall Field’s was among the first to offer escalators, revolutionizing how customers navigated multi-floor shopping centers.
These innovations reflect its role as a leader in retail, influencing how stores operate even today.